Colossal Clean Crawled Corpus (C4) (2020)
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A Colossal Clean Crawled Corpus (C4) (2020) is a very-large text corpus dataset produced by AI2.
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References
2022
- (Liang, Tadesse et al., 2022) ⇒ Weixin Liang, Girmaw Abebe Tadesse, Daniel Ho, L. Fei-Fei, Matei Zaharia, Ce Zhang, and James Zou. (2022). “Advances, Challenges and Opportunities in Creating Data for Trustworthy AI.” Nature Machine Intelligence 4, no. 8
2021
- (Dodge et al., 2021) ⇒ Jesse Dodge, Maarten Sap, Ana Marasović, William Agnew, Gabriel Ilharco, Dirk Groeneveld, Margaret Mitchell, and Matt Gardner. (2021). “Documenting Large Webtext Corpora: A Case Study on the Colossal Clean Crawled Corpus.” In: Proceedings of the 2021 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-2021).
- ABSTRACT: Large language models have led to remarkable progress on many NLP tasks, and researchers are turning to ever-larger text corpora to train them. Some of the largest corpora available are made by scraping significant portions of the internet, and are frequently introduced with only minimal documentation. In this work we provide some of the first documentation for the Colossal Clean Crawled Corpus (C4; Raffel et al., 2020), a dataset created by applying a set of filters to a single snapshot of Common Crawl. We begin by investigating where the data came from, and find a significant amount of text from unexpected sources like patents and US military websites. Then we explore the content of the text itself, and find machine-generated text (e.g., from machine translation systems) and evaluation examples from other benchmark NLP datasets. To understand the impact of the filters applied to create this dataset, we evaluate the text that was removed, and show that blocklist filtering disproportionately removes text from and about minority individuals. Finally, we conclude with some recommendations for how to created and document web-scale datasets from a scrape of the internet.