Berg Balance Scale (BBS)
A Berg Balance Scale (BBS) is a balance ability clinical test that tests a person's static and dynamic balance abilities.
- Context:
- It is considered to be the gold standard for Functional Balance Test.
- …
- Example(s):
- interpretation of BBS:
| ≤20 | wheelchair user |
| >20≤40 | walking with assistance |
| >40≤56 | independent |
- ...
- …
- Counter-Example(s):
- See: Balance Activity, Motor Skills Standing, Sitting, Reliability (Statistics), Validity (Statistics), Stroke, Ceiling Effect (Statistics), Floor Effect.
References
2022
- (Wikipedia, 2022) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berg_Balance_Scale Retrieved:2022-6-21.
- The Berg Balance Scale (or BBS) is a widely used clinical test of a person's static and dynamic balance abilities,[1] named after Katherine Berg, one of the developers.[2] For functional balance tests, the BBS is generally considered to be the gold standard.[3]
The test takes 15–20 minutes and comprises a set of 14 simple balance related tasks, ranging from standing up from a sitting position, to standing on one foot. The degree of success in achieving each task is given a score of zero (unable) to four (independent), and the final measure is the sum of all of the scores. The BBS has been shown to have excellent inter-rater (ICC = 0.98) and intra-rater relative reliability (ICC = 0.97), with an absolute reliability varying between 2.8/56 and 6.6/56, with poorer reliability near the middle of the scale,[4] and is internally consistent (0.96). The BBS correlates satisfactorily with laboratory measures, including postural sway, and has good concurrent criterion, predictive criterion, and construct validity. Considerable evidence indicates that the BBS is also a valid measure of standing balance in post-stroke patients, but only for those who ambulate independently, due to the tasks that are required of the patient. The BBS was recently identified as the most commonly used assessment tool across the continuum of stroke rehabilitation and it is considered a sound measure of balance impairment. [1] The BBS has been strongly established as valid and reliable but there are still several factors which may indicate that the BBS should be used in conjunction with other balance measures.[1] For example, there are a few tasks in the BBS to test dynamic balance, which may limit its ability to challenge older adults who live independently in the community. A ceiling effect and floor effect has been reported for the BBS when used with community dwelling older adults. [1] The use of the BBS as an outcome measure is compromised when participants score high on initial trials. In initial development of the BBS, the authors noted that a limitation to the scale was the lack of items requiring postural response to external stimuli or uneven support surfaces. This indicates that the BBS may be more appropriate for use with frail older adults rather than community-dwellers. In addition, the BBS has been shown to be a poor predictor of falls.
The interpretation of the result is:[5]
- The Berg Balance Scale (or BBS) is a widely used clinical test of a person's static and dynamic balance abilities,[1] named after Katherine Berg, one of the developers.[2] For functional balance tests, the BBS is generally considered to be the gold standard.[3]
≤20 wheelchair user >20≤40 walking with assistance >40≤56 independent
- Alternatively, the BBS can be used as a multilevel tool, with the risk of multiple falls increasing below a score of 45 and a significant increase below 40. In the original study, the value of 45 points was used to calculate relative risk estimates to demonstrate predictive validity, and a score of 45 has been shown to be an appropriate cut-off for safe independent ambulation and the need for assistive devices or supervision.[6] An instrumented version of BBS is recently proposed to avoid observer bias and to facilitate objective assessment of Balance in home environments for periodic or long term monitoring.
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Blum, Lisa; Korner-Bitensky, Nicol (May 2008). "Usefulness of the Berg Balance Scale in Stroke Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review". Physical Therapy. 88 (5): 559–566. [https://doi.org/10.2522%2Fptj.20070205 doi:10.2522/ptj.20070205. PMID 18292215.
- ↑ Berg, Katherine; Wood-Dauphinėe, Sharon; Williams, J.I.; Gayton, David (1989). "Measuring balance in the elderly: preliminary development of an instrument". Physiotherapy Canada. 41 (6): 304–311. doi:10.3138/ptc.41.6.304. Archived from the original on 2013-01-28. Retrieved 2012-02-12.
- ↑ Langley, F.A. & Mackintosh, S.F.H. (2007). Functional balance assessment of older community dwelling adults: A systematic review of the literature. The Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice, 5(4).
- ↑ Downs S, Marquez J, Chiarelli P (2013). "The Berg Balance Scale has high intra- and inter-rater reliability but absolute reliability varies across the scale: a systematic review". Journal of Physiotherapy. 59 (2): 93–99. doi:10.1016/s1836-9553(13)70161-9. PMID 23663794.
- ↑ "Berg Balance Scale" (PDF). Internet Stroke Center. Retrieved 2012-02-12.
- ↑ Berg KO, Wood-Dauphinee SL, Williams JI, Maki B (1992). "Measuring balance in the elderly: validation of an instrument". Can J Public Health. 83 Suppl 2: S7–11. PMID 1468055
2021
- https://www.physio-pedia.com/Berg_Balance_Scale
- QUOTE: The Berg Balance Scale (BBS) is used to objectively determine a patient's ability (or inability) to safely balance during a series of predetermined tasks. It is a 14 item list with each item consisting of a five-point ordinal scale ranging from 0 to 4, with 0 indicating the lowest level of function and 4 the highest level of function and takes approximately 20 minutes to complete. It does not include the assessment of gait. ...