Lexeme Record

A Lexeme Record is a lexical record that describes a lexeme.

• Context:
  • It must be associated to a Word Form Set,
  • It must be associated to a Word Sense Set.
  • It must be associated to a Part of Speech Role.
  • It must be associated with a Declension (a Surface Word Record set).
  • It can have a Lemma (an identifying non-unique Word Form such as bank}.
  • It can have a Lexeme Identifier such as BANK_1_VERB (that is typically represented in Capital Letters. E.g. BANK_noun).
  • It can be a member of a Lexical Record Set.
• Example(s):
  • Common Noun, AARDVARK, {aardvark}, {aardvark, aardvarks, aardvark's, aardvarks'}, {"a large burrowing nocturnal ungulate mammal of ..."}]
  • Common Noun, BOYFRIEND, {boyfriend}, {boyfriend, boyfriends, boyfriend's, boyfriends'}, { 1) a male friend; 2) a frequent male companion; 3) a male lover}]
  • Common Noun, BANK¹, {bank}, {bank, banks, bank's, banks'}, { 1) a ridge raised above surrounding level; 2) a protective rim; 3) ...}]
  • Common Noun, BANK², {bank}, {bank, banks, bank's, banks'}, { 1) an establishment for the custody of money; 2) a supply of something held in reserve; 3)...}]
  • Common Noun, SISTERINLAW, “sister-in-law”, {sister-in-law, sisters-in-law, sister-in-law's, sisters-in-law's}, {sense₁,....}]
  • Common Noun, INSURANCECOMPANY, insurance company, {insurance company, insurance companies, insurance company's, insurance companies'}, {sense₁,, ...}]
  • Common Noun, LIFEINSURANCE, life insurance, {life insurance, life insurance's}, {sense₁,, ...}]
  • Adjective, REALTIME, real time, {real-time, realtime}, {sense_{1^{,, ...}]}}
  • Verb, RUN¹, run, {"run”, “runs”, “ran”, “running”}, {sense₁,, ...}]
  • Verb, GO¹, go, {"go”, “went”, “gone”, “going”}, {sense₁,, ...}]
  • Verb, PUTUPWITH^{2, "put up with", {"put up with"}, sense_{1,, ...}]}}
  • Verb, KICKTHEBUCKET^{1, an Idiomatic Phrase that contains the phrase(s): {"kick the bucket"}, sense₁,, ...}]}
  • Mass Noun, DATAMINING, “Data Mining”, {"Data Mining”, “Data Mining's”}, sense₁,, ...}]
  • Pronoun, HE, “he”, {he, his}, {sense₁, ...}]
  • Preposition, BY, “by”, {by}, {sense₁, ...}]
  • Determiner, THE, “the”, {the, ?a?}, {sense₁, ...}]
  • Aux Verb, SHOULD, “should”, {should}, {sense₁,, ...}]
  • Proper Noun, MICHAEL, “Michael”, Proper Noun, {Michael, Michael's}, {sense₁, ...}]
  • Proper Noun, JACKSON, “Jackson”, Proper Noun, {Jackson, Jackson's}, {sense₁, ...}]
  • Proper Noun, MICHAELJACKSON, “Michael Jackson”, {"Michael Jackson”, “Michael Jackson's”}, {sense₁, ...}]
  • “Great-great-great grandmother”, via a Derivational Rule.
  • “pseudoextrovert”, via a Derivational Rule.
  • more Lexeme Examples.
  • http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/walking#Noun
  • http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/walking#Verb, Present Participle.
  • http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chat#Noun
  • http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chat#Noun_2
  • http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ambulated#Verb, Simple Past Tense a Past Participle.
  • …
• Counter-Example(s):
  • (WordNet, 2009) ⇒ http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=run
  • http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chat
  • http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chat#Etymology_2
• See: Dictionary Record, Word Sense Record, Lexicon, Word Form Record, Etymological Word Record.

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References

2015

• (Rothe & Schütze, 2015) ⇒ Sascha Rothe, and Hinrich Schütze. (2015). “AutoExtend: Extending Word Embeddings to Embeddings for Synsets and Lexemes.” In: arXiv preprint arXiv:1507.01127.
  • QUOTE: A synset is a set of synonyms that are interchangeable in some context. A lexeme pairs a particular spelling or pronunciation with a particular meaning, i.e., a lexeme is a conjunction of a word and a synset.

2008

• (Crystal, 2008) ⇒ David Crystal. (2008). “A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics, 6th edition." Blackwell Publishing.
  • LEXIS A term used in LINGUISTICS to refer to the vocabulary of a LANGUAGE … A UNIT of vocabulary is generally referred to as a lexical item, or LEXEME. A complete inventory of the lexical items of a language constitutes that language's dictionary, or LEXICON … 'in the lexicon' as a set of lexical entries. …

2004

• (Hirst, 2004) ⇒ Graeme Hirst. (2004). “Ontology and the Lexicon." (Staab & Studer, 2004)
  • QUOTE: Thus, as mentioned earlier, a lexical entry is potentially quite a large record. For example, the CELEX lexicons of English, Dutch, and German (Baayen, Piepenbrock, and van Rijn 1993) are represented as databases whose records have 950 fields. Andin an explanatory combinatorial dictionary (ECD) (e.g.,Melcuk 1984, Melcuk and Zholkovsky 1988), which attempts to explicate literally every aspect of the knowledge that a speaker needs to have in order to use a word correctly, lexical entries can run to many pages. For example, Steele’s (1990) ECD-style entry for eight senses of hope (noun and verb) is 28 book-sized pages long, much of which is devoted to the combinatory properties of the word — for example, the noun hope permits flicker of to denote a small amount (whereas expectation, in contrast, does not)

2003

• (Sag et al., 2003) ⇒ Ivan A. Sag, Thomas Wasow, and Emily M. Bender. (2003). “Syntactic Theory: A Formal Introduction, 2nd edition." CSLI Publications.
  • lexical entry Information about individual words [q.v.] that must be stipulated is put into the lexicon [q.v.] in the form of descriptions that we call lexical entries. They are ordered pairs, consisting of a phonological form (description) and partial feature structure description. Fully resolved lexical sequences [q.v.] consistent with lexical entries can serve as the INPUT values to lexical rules [q.v.].
  • Lexical rules are one of the mechanisms (along with the type type hierarchy [q.v.]) used to capture generalizations within the lexicon. Families of related words - such as the different inflectional forms of a verb - can be derived from a single lexical entry [q.v.] by means of lexical rules. We formalize lexical rules as a type of feature structure with features INPUT and OUTPUT. There are three sybtypes of lexical rules: derivational (relating lexemes [q.v.] to lexemes), inflectional (relation lexemes to words [q.v.]), and post-inflectional (relating words to words).

2002

• (Fellbaum, 2002) ⇒ Christine Fellbaum. (2002). “On the Semantics of Troponymy.” In: The Semantics of Relationships: An Interdisciplinary. R. Green, C. Bean, and S. Myaeng (eds.). Dordrecht, Holland: Kluwer.
  • …If one examines the lexicalized concepts in relation to one another, it becomes clear that they differ in systematic ways that are characterizable in terms of similarities or contrasts. These consistent differentiations among concepts are what we call semantic relations.
  • …Relations are very real, though speakers may be unaware of them and may be unable to articulate them (as it the case with most metalinguistic knowledge). But there are situations when one must consciously confront semantic relations. Building a lexical resource presents such a situation.
  • …The structure of a lexical entry in a dictionary reflects the relatedness of words and concepts: The target word is usually defined in terms of related word and some differentiae.

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