Audit Trail

An Audit Trail is a Data Record Set that contains documentary evidence of a chronological sequence of activities that have affected a specific system (operation, procedure, event, or device.

• AKA: Audit Log.
• Example(s):
  • a Clinical Trial Audit Trail,
  • a Database Transaction Log,
  • a Financial Audit Trail,
  • a Voter-Verified Paper Audit Trail,
  • …
• Counter-Example(s):
  • Audit Certificate,
  • Audit Report,
  • Paper Trail.
• See: Financial Transaction, Database Table, Database, Audit, Auditor, Accounting Task, Bookkeeping Task.

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References

2021a

• (Wikipedia, 2021) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audit_trail Retrieved:2021-11-19.
  • An audit trail (also called audit log) is a security-relevant chronological record, set of records, and/or destination and source of records that provide documentary evidence of the sequence of activities that have affected at any time a specific operation, procedure, event, or device. Audit records typically result from activities such as financial transactions, scientific research and health care data transactions, or communications by individual people, systems, accounts, or other entities. The process that creates an audit trail is typically required to always run in a privileged mode, so it can access and supervise all actions from all users; a normal user should not be allowed to stop/change it. Furthermore, for the same reason, the trail file or database table with a trail should not be accessible to normal users. Another way of handling this issue is through the use of a role-based security model in the software. The software can operate with the closed-looped controls, or as a 'closed system', as required by many companies when using audit trail functionality.

2021b

• (Wikipedia, 2021) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audit_trail#Industry_uses Retrieved:2021-11-19.
  • In telecommunication, the term means a record of both completed and attempted accesses and service, or data forming a logical path linking a sequence of events, used to trace the transactions that have affected the contents of a record.

    In information or communications security, information audit means a chronological record of system activities to enable the reconstruction and examination of the sequence of events and/or changes in an event. Information put away or transmitted in paired structure that might be depended upon in court. An audit trail is a progression of records of computer data about a working framework, an application, or client exercises. Computer frameworks may have a few audit trails each gave to a specific sort of action . Related to proper apparatuses and systems, audit trails can help with distinguishing security infringement, execution issues and application issues. Routine log audits and investigation are valuable for distinguishing security episodes, approach infringement, fake movement, and operational issues soon after they have happened, and for giving information valuable to settling such issues. Audit logs can likewise be valuable for performing forensic investigation, supporting the associations inside examinations, setting up baselines, and distinguishing operational patterns and long run issues.

    In nursing research, it refers to the act of maintaining a running log or journal of decisions relating to a research project, thus making clear the steps taken and changes made to the original protocol.

    In accounting, it refers to documentation of detailed transactions supporting summary ledger entries. This documentation may be on paper or on electronic records.

    In online proofing, it pertains to the version history of a piece of artwork, design, photograph, video, or web design proof in a project.

    In clinical research, server based systems such as clinical trial management systems (CTMS) require audit trails. Anything regulatory or QA/QC related also requires audit trails.

    In voting, a voter-verified paper audit trail is a method of providing feedback to voters using a ballotless voting system.

2021c

• (Wikipedia, 2021) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_clinical_research Retrieved:2021-11-14.
  • QUOTE: Audit trail
    • Documentation that allows reconstruction of the course of events. (ICH E6)

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