Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE)
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An Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) is an enzyme that is a core component of the Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) that controls blood pressure by regulating the volume of fluids in the body.
- AKA: Dipeptidyl Carboxypeptidase I, Dipeptide Hydrolase, Peptidyl Dipeptidase, Angiotensin Converting Enzyme, Kininase II, Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme, Carboxycathepsin, Dipeptidyl Carboxypeptidase, Hypertensin Converting Enzyme, Peptidyl-Dipeptide Hydrolase, Endothelial Cell Peptidyl Dipeptidase, Peptidyl Dipeptidase-4, Peptidase P, EC 3.4.15.1 - Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A.
- Context:
- It converts the hormone Angiotensin I to the active vasoconstrictor Angiotensin II.
- It can be inhibited by an ACE Inhibitor.
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- Example(s):
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- Counter-Example(s):
- See: Amyloid Beta, Renin–Angiotensin System, Angiotensin I, Vasoconstriction, Angiotensin II, ACE Inhibitor, Cardiovascular Disease, Endothelial Cell, Epithelial Cell, Bradykinin.
References
2020
- (Wikipedia, 2020) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angiotensin-converting_enzyme Retrieved:2020-3-25.
- Angiotensin-converting enzyme, or ACE, is a central component of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS), which controls blood pressure by regulating the volume of fluids in the body. It converts the hormone angiotensin I to the active vasoconstrictor angiotensin II. Therefore, ACE indirectly increases blood pressure by causing blood vessels to constrict. ACE inhibitors are widely used as pharmaceutical drugs for treatment of cardiovascular diseases.[1]
The enzyme was discovered by Leonard T. Skeggs Jr. in 1956.[2] It is located mainly in the capillaries of the lungs but can also be found in endothelial and kidney epithelial cells.
Other less known functions of ACE are degradation of bradykinin and amyloid beta-protein.[3]
- Angiotensin-converting enzyme, or ACE, is a central component of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS), which controls blood pressure by regulating the volume of fluids in the body. It converts the hormone angiotensin I to the active vasoconstrictor angiotensin II. Therefore, ACE indirectly increases blood pressure by causing blood vessels to constrict. ACE inhibitors are widely used as pharmaceutical drugs for treatment of cardiovascular diseases.[1]
- ↑ Kaplan's Essentials of Cardiac Anesthesia. Elsevier. 2018. doi:10.1016/c2012-0-06151-0. ISBN 978-0-323-49798-5. “ Mechanisms of Action:ACE inhibitors act by inhibiting one of several proteases responsible for cleaving the decapeptide Ang I to form the octapeptide Ang II. Because ACE is also the enzyme that degrades bradykinin, ACE inhibitors increase circulating and tissue levels of bradykinin (Fig. 8.4)".
- ↑ Skeggs LT, Kahn JR, Shumway NP (Mar 1956). "The preparation and function of the hypertensin-converting enzyme". The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 103 (3): 295–9. doi:10.1084/jem.103.3.295. PMC 2136590. PMID 13295487.
- ↑ Hemming ML, Selkoe DJ (November 2005). "Amyloid beta-protein is degraded by cellular angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and elevated by an ACE inhibitor". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 280 (45): 37644–50. doi:10.1074/jbc.M508460200. PMC 2409196. PMID 16154999.