Cultural Value
A Cultural Value is a human value that is a cultural norm (that shapes belief systems and guides behavioral expectations within a specific culture through shared understandings).
- AKA: Cultural Principle, Cultural Ideal.
- Context:
- It can guide Social Behavioral Values through cultural moral values and cultural ethical values.
- It can shape Cultural Norms through shared cultural values and collective value understandings.
- It can influence Individual Cultural Values through internalized cultural values and personal cultural standards.
- It can maintain Social Value Order through cultural value systems and cultural value expectations.
- It can preserve Cultural Identity Values through core cultural values and shared cultural principles.
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- It can often vary across cultural value groups and cultural value contexts.
- It can often conflict with personal values and individual belief values.
- It can often evolve through cultural value change and social value development.
- It can often interact with economic values and political value systems.
- It can often manifest through cultural practices and cultural institutions.
- ...
- It can range from being a Traditional Cultural Value to being a Modern Cultural Value, depending on its temporal value context.
- It can range from being a Core Cultural Value to being a Peripheral Cultural Value, depending on its cultural value centrality.
- It can range from being a Universal Cultural Value to being a Culture-Specific Value, depending on its cultural value scope.
- It can range from being an Abstract Cultural Value to being a Concrete Cultural Value, depending on its cultural value implementation.
- It can range from being a Consensus Cultural Value to being a Contested Cultural Value, depending on its cultural value agreement.
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- Examples:
- Cultural Value Domains, such as:
- Social Cultural Values, such as:
- Ethical Cultural Values, such as:
- Professional Cultural Values, such as:
- ...
- Cultural Value Domains, such as:
- Counter-Examples:
- Universal Human Values, which transcend cultural value boundarys.
- Personal Values, which reflect individual value choices rather than cultural value mandates.
- Legal Values, which are formal value rules rather than cultural value systems.
- Scientific Values, which are based on empirical value rather than cultural belief values.
- See: Cultural Value System, Cultural Norm, Social Cultural Value, Moral Cultural Value, Ethical Cultural Value, Cultural Identity Value.
References
2019
- (Wikipedia, 2019) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Value_(ethics)#Cultural_values Retrieved:2019-12-12.
- Individual cultures emphasize values which their members broadly share. Values of a society can often be identified by examining the level of honor and respect received by various groups and ideas. In the United States of America, for example, top-level professional athletes receive more respect (measured in terms of monetary payment) than university professors.
Values clarification differs from cognitive moral education:
- Value clarification consists of "helping people clarify what their lives are for and what is worth working for. It encourages students to define their own values and to understand others' values."[1]
- Cognitive moral education builds on the belief that students should learn to value things like democracy and justice as their moral reasoning develops.
- Values relate to the norms of a culture, but they are more global and intellectual than norms. Norms provide rules for behavior in specific situations, while values identify what should be judged as good or evil. While norms are standards, patterns, rules and guides of expected behavior, values are abstract concepts of what is important and worthwhile. Flying the national flag on a holiday is a norm, but it reflects the value of patriotism. Wearing dark clothing and appearing solemn are normative behaviors to manifest respect at a funeral. Different cultures represent values differently and to different levels of emphasis. “Over the last three decades, traditional-age college students have shown an increased interest in personal well-being and a decreased interest in the welfare of others." Values seemed to have changed, affecting the beliefs, and attitudes of the students.
Members take part in a culture even if each member's personal values do not entirely agree with some of the normative values sanctioned in that culture. This reflects an individual's ability to synthesize and extract aspects valuable to them from the multiple subcultures they belong to.
If a group member expresses a value that seriously conflicts with the group's norms, the group's authority may carry out various ways of encouraging conformity or stigmatizing the non-conforming behavior of that member. For example, imprisonment can result from conflict with social norms that the state has established as law.Furthermore, institutions in the global economy can genuinely respect values which are of three kinds based on a "triangle of coherence". [2] In the first instance, a value may come to expression within the World Trade Organization (WTO), as well as (in the second instance) within the United Nations – particularly in the Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) – providing a framework for global legitimacy through accountability. In the third instance, the expertise of member-driven international organizations and civil society depends on the incorporation of flexibility in the rules, to preserve the expression of identity in a globalized world. .Nonetheless, in warlike economic competition, differing views may contradict each other, particularly in the field of culture. Thus audiences in Europe may regard a movie as an artistic creation and grant it benefits from special treatment, while audiences in the United States may see it as mere entertainment, whatever its artistic merits. EU policies based on the notion of "cultural exception" can become juxtaposed with the policy of "cultural specificity" on the liberal Anglo-Saxon side. Indeed, international law traditionally treats films as property and the content of television programs as a service.Consequently, cultural interventionist policies can find themselves opposed to the Anglo-Saxon liberal position, causing failures in international negotiations. [3]
- Individual cultures emphasize values which their members broadly share. Values of a society can often be identified by examining the level of honor and respect received by various groups and ideas. In the United States of America, for example, top-level professional athletes receive more respect (measured in terms of monetary payment) than university professors.
- ↑
- Santrock, J.W. (2007). A Topical Approach to Life-Span Development. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill
- Santrock, J.W. (2007). A Topical Approach to Life-Span Development. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill
- ↑ Lamy, Pascal, WTO Director-General, Speech to the European University Institute in Florence on 19 February 2011 (http://www.wto.org/english/news_e/sppl_e/sppl187_e.htm)
- ↑ Hacker, Violaine (2011a), "Building Medias Industry while promoting a community of values in the globalization: from quixotic choices to pragmatic boon for EU Citizens", Politické Védy-Journal of Political Science, Slovakia, pp. 64–74.