Neurobiological System
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A Neurobiological System is a biological system within an organism that encompasses the structures and processes of the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves, responsible for coordinating and regulating physiological and behavioral functions.
- Context:
- It can (typically) include major components such as the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which work together to process information and generate appropriate responses.
- It can (often) involve neurotransmitters, hormones, and receptors that facilitate communication between neurons, enabling complex behaviors and physiological processes.
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- It can range from regulating basic survival functions, such as breathing and heart rate, to more complex activities like learning, memory, and decision-making.
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- It can influence behavioral responses by integrating sensory input with past experiences and current physiological states.
- It can adapt to changes in the environment or body through processes like neuroplasticity, which allows for learning and recovery from injury.
- It can be studied using various techniques, including neuroimaging, electrophysiology, and molecular biology, to understand how these systems function and interact.
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- Example(s):
- Dopamine Reward Systems, involved in reinforcing behaviors through the release of dopamine.
- Autonomic Nervous System, which regulates involuntary functions such as heart rate, digestion, and respiratory rate.
- Cortisol Response Systems, which are involved in stress responses rather than reward processing.
- Serotonin Systems, which are more associated with mood regulation and not directly with reward-motivated behaviors.
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- Counter-Example(s):
- Endocrine Systems, which primarily involve hormone signaling rather than nervous system signaling.
- Immune Systems, which protect the body from pathogens and do not involve the nervous system's direct coordination of behavior.
- See: Central Nervous System, Peripheral Nervous System, Neurotransmitter Systems