Therapeautic Drug
A Therapeautic Drug is a pharmacological treatment/drug that is a therapeutic.
- AKA: Medication, Pharmaceutical Product.
- Context:
- It can go through a Medical Drug Approval Process, such as one proposed by International Council For Harmonisation (ICH).
- It can range from being a Human Medicinal Product to being a Animal Medicinal Product.
- It can range from being a Diagnostic Drug, Curative Drug, treat, or a Preventive Drug.
- It can range from being a Over-the-Counter Medication to being a Prescription Drug,
- It can range from being a Biopharmaceutical Medication to being a Synthetic Medication.
- It can range from being an Injectable Medication, Oral Medication, Transdermal Medication, Ophthalmological Medication, Inhaled Medication, Implanted Medication, Rectal Medication, Vaginal Medication, ...
- It can be a product in a Pharmaceutical Industry.
- ...
- Example(s):
- a Diabetes Medication, such as insulin.
- an Anticancer Medication, such as an Immuno-Oncology Therapy.
- a Gene Therapy Medication.
- a Monoclonal Antibody Medication.
- an Immunostimulant Medicine, such as a T-cell Stimulant.
- an Immune checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy.
- an Antibiotic, that can inhibit germ growth
- an Antiseptic, that can prevent germ growth near burns, cuts and wounds.
- a Mood stabilizer, such as: lithium and valpromide.
- a Hormone replacement, such as: Premarin.
- an Oral contraceptive, such as: Enovid, "biphasic" pill, and "triphasic" pill
- a Stimulant, such as: methylphenidate, amphetamine.
- a Tranquilizer, such as: meprobamate, chlorpromazine, reserpine, chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, and alprazolam.
- a Statin.
- an Antiviral Medication.
- an Antirheumatic Drug, such as: Adalimumab.
- a Medical Cannabis.
- ...
- …
- Counter-Example(s):
- See: Placebo, Medical Diagnosis, Cure, Therapy, Preventive Medicine, Pharmacotherapy, Drug Class, Clinical Trial.
References
2021
- https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/glossary/medicinal-product
- QUOTE: ... A substance or combination of substances that is intended to treat, prevent or diagnose a disease, or to restore, correct or modify physiological functions by exerting a pharmacological, immunological or metabolic action. ...
2021
- (Wikipedia, 2021) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medication Retrieved:2021-10-21.
- A medication (also called medicament, medicine, pharmaceutical drug, medicinal drug or simply drug) is a drug used to diagnose, cure, treat, or prevent disease. [1] [2] Drug therapy (pharmacotherapy) is an important part of the medical field and relies on the science of pharmacology for continual advancement and on pharmacy for appropriate management.
Drugs are classified in multiple ways. One of the key divisions is by level of control, which distinguishes prescription drugs (those that a pharmacist dispenses only on the order of a physician, physician assistant, or qualified nurse) from over-the-counter drugs (those that consumers can order for themselves). Another key distinction is between traditional small-molecule drugs, usually derived from chemical synthesis, and biopharmaceuticals, which include recombinant proteins, vaccines, blood products used therapeutically (such as IVIG), gene therapy, monoclonal antibodies and cell therapy (for instance, stem-cell therapies). Other ways to classify medicines are by mode of action, route of administration, biological system affected, or therapeutic effects. An elaborate and widely used classification system is the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System (ATC system). The World Health Organization keeps a list of essential medicines.
Drug discovery and drug development are complex and expensive endeavors undertaken by pharmaceutical companies, academic scientists, and governments. As a result of this complex path from discovery to commercialization, partnering has become a standard practice for advancing drug candidates through development pipelines. Governments generally regulate what drugs can be marketed, how drugs are marketed, and in some jurisdictions, drug pricing. Controversies have arisen over drug pricing and disposal of used drugs.
- A medication (also called medicament, medicine, pharmaceutical drug, medicinal drug or simply drug) is a drug used to diagnose, cure, treat, or prevent disease. [1] [2] Drug therapy (pharmacotherapy) is an important part of the medical field and relies on the science of pharmacology for continual advancement and on pharmacy for appropriate management.
- ↑ US Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, SEC. 210., (g)(1)(B). Accessed 17 August 2008.
- ↑ Directive 2004/27/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 31 March 2004 amending Directive 2001/83/EC on the Community code relating to medicinal products for human use. Article 1. Published 31 March 2004. Accessed 17 August 2008.
2021
- (Wikipedia, 2021) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medication#Definition Retrieved:2021-10-25.
- In Europe, the term is "medicinal product", and it is defined by EU law as:
- "Any substance or combination of substances presented as having properties for treating or preventing disease in human beings; or"
- "Any substance or combination of substances which may be used in or administered to human beings either with a view to restoring, correcting or modifying physiological functions by exerting a pharmacological, immunological or metabolic action, or to making a medical diagnosis."[1]Template:Rp
- In the US, a "drug" is:
- A substance recognized by an official pharmacopeia or formulary.
- A substance intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease.
- A substance (other than food) intended to affect the structure or any function of the body.
- A substance intended for use as a component of a medicine but not a device or a component, part or accessory of a device.
- Biological products are included within this definition and are generally covered by the same laws and regulations, but differences exist regarding their manufacturing processes (chemical process versus biological process).
- In Europe, the term is "medicinal product", and it is defined by EU law as:
2021
- (Wikipedia, 2021) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/medication#Classification Retrieved:2021-10-25.
- One of the key classifications is between traditional small molecule drugs; usually derived from chemical synthesis, and biologic medical products; which include recombinant proteins, vaccines, blood products used therapeutically (such as IVIG), gene therapy, and cell therapy (for instance, stem cell therapies).
Pharmaceuticals or drugs or medicines are classified in various other groups besides their origin on the basis of pharmacological properties like mode of action and their pharmacological action or activity, [2] such as by chemical properties, mode or route of administration, biological system affected, or therapeutic effects. An elaborate and widely used classification system is the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System (ATC system). The World Health Organization keeps a list of essential medicines. A sampling of classes of medicine includes: # Antipyretics: reducing fever (pyrexia/pyresis) # Analgesics: reducing pain (painkillers) # Antimalarial drugs: treating malaria.
- Antibiotics: inhibiting germ growth
- Antiseptics: prevention of germ growth near burns, cuts and wounds.
- Mood stabilizers: lithium and valpromide.
- Hormone replacements: Premarin.
- Oral contraceptives: Enovid, "biphasic" pill, and "triphasic" pill
- Stimulants: methylphenidate, amphetamine.
- Tranquilizers: meprobamate, chlorpromazine, reserpine, chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, and alprazolam.
- Statins: lovastatin, pravastatin, and simvastatin.
- Pharmaceuticals may also be described as "specialty", independent of other classifications, which is an ill-defined class of drugs that might be difficult to administer, require special handling during administration, require patient monitoring during and immediately after administration, have particular regulatory requirements restricting their use, and are generally expensive relative to other drugs.
- One of the key classifications is between traditional small molecule drugs; usually derived from chemical synthesis, and biologic medical products; which include recombinant proteins, vaccines, blood products used therapeutically (such as IVIG), gene therapy, and cell therapy (for instance, stem cell therapies).
2021
- (Wikipedia, 2021) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_largest_selling_pharmaceutical_products#Best_selling_pharmaceuticals_of_U.S._Market Retrieved:2021-10-25.
- The top 5 best selling pharmaceuticals 2015-2019. Sales in billion USD.
| Rank | Drug | Main indication | Trade name | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | adalimumab | rheumatoid arthritis | Humira | 10.1 | 13.5 | 16.3 | 18.4 | 21.4 |
| 2 | apixaban | anticoagulant | Eliquis | 1.6 | 3.0 | 4.6 | 7.1 | 9.9 |
| 3 | etanercept | rheumatoid arthritis | Enbrel | 7.2 | 7.6 | 7.9 | 8.0 | 8.1 |
| 4 | ustekinumab | psoriasis | Stelara | 2.0 | 2.6 | 3.7 | 5.0 | 6.6 |
| 5 | pembrolizumab | oncology | Keytruda | 0.4 | 0.7 | 2.2 | 4.3 | 6.5 |
2020
- https://pharmaintelligence.informa.com/resources/product-content/pharma-randd-annual-review-2021
- QUOTE: ... Table 2 breaks down these solar systems of therapeutic areas into the individual planets of the 240 therapeutic categories. For the third year in a row, the Anticancer, immunological category sits at the summit, with another sizeable increase in its gravitational pull, with 8.1% more drugs in its pipeline than a year ago. Again, the rate of expansion has slowed compared to the previous year. The other more general anticancer category – Anticancer, other – sticks at number two, put we can see that the hyperdrive of immuno-oncology is causing the leading category to put further space between the top two. At three, there’s a further sizeable regeneration of the gene therapy franchise, of which more in a moment. The highest climber is, unsurprisingly, the general antiviral category, which leaps up from number 28 into the top five, with a supermassive 126% increase in its drug count. Just behind it are anti-infective prophylactic vaccines. ...
Table 2: Top 25 Therapeutic Categories Position 2021 (2020) Therapy No of active compounds 2021 (2020) 1 (1) Anticancer, immunological 3,712 (3,434) 2 (2) Anticancer, other 2,680 (2,510) 3 (3) Gene therapy 1,589 (1,273) 4 (4) Monoclonal antibody, other 1,136 (1,009) 5 (28) Antiviral, other 858 (380) 6 (6) Prophylactic vaccine, anti-infective 843 (698) 7 (5) Ophthalmological, other 781 (756) 8 (7) Neurological 781 (666) 9 (10) Anti-inflammatory 639 (529) 10 (14) Cellular therapy, chimaeric antigen receptor 612 (491) 11 (8) Antidiabetic 569 (589) 12 (11) Monoclonal antibody, humanized 555 (508) 13 (9) Immunosuppressant 542 (544) 14 (12) Musculoskeletal 521 (504) 15 (18) Monoclonal antibody, human 494 (448) 16 (15) GI inflammatory/bowel disorders 482 (488) 17 (13) Reformulation, other 470 (492) 18 (17) Cognition enhancer 459 (466) 19 (23) Hepatoprotective 453 (418) 20 (35) Respiratory 446 (303) 21 (16) Cardiovascular 444 (468) 22 (27) Cellular therapy, stem cell 428 (391) 23 (19) Analgesic, other 427 (448) 24 (21) Neuroprotective 426 (421) 25 (30) Cellular therapy, other 419 (350)
- ↑ Directive 2004/27/EC Official Journal of the European Union. 30 April 2004 L136
- ↑ https://www.medthority.com database of prescription pharmaceutical products including drug classifications https://www.medthority.com/drugs/