Extrasolar Earth-sized Planet
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An Extrasolar Earth-sized Planet is an extrasolar planet that is an Earth-sized planet.
- Context:
- It can range from being a Hot Extrasolar Earth-sized Planet, to being an Extrasolar Earth-sized Goldi-locks Planet to being a Cold Extrasolar Earth-sized Planet.
- It can range from being a Terrestrial Extrasolar Earth-sized Planet to being a Gaseous Extrasolar Earth-sized Planet.
- …
- Example(s):
- Counter-Example(s):
- a Solar Earth-sized Planet, such as Planet Earth, Planet Venus, and Planet Mars.
- See: Goldi-Locks Planet.
References
2013
- (Petigura et al., 2013) ⇒ Erik A. Petigura, Andrew W. Howard, and Geoffrey W. Marcy. (2013). “Prevalence of Earth-size planets orbiting Sun-like stars.” In: PNAS November 4, 2013 doi:10.1073/pnas.1319909110
- ABSTRACT: Determining whether Earth-like planets are common or rare looms as a touchstone in the question of life in the universe. We searched for Earth-size planets that cross in front of their host stars by examining the brightness measurements of 42,000 stars from National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s Kepler mission. We found 603 planets, including 10 that are Earth size (Formula) and receive comparable levels of stellar energy to that of Earth (Formula). We account for Kepler’s imperfect detectability of such planets by injecting synthetic planet–caused dimmings into the Kepler brightness measurements and recording the fraction detected. We find that 11 ± 4% of Sun-like stars harbor an Earth-size planet receiving between one and four times the stellar intensity as Earth. We also find that the occurrence of Earth-size planets is constant with increasing orbital period (P), within equal intervals of logP up to ∼200 d. Extrapolating, one finds Formula% of Sun-like stars harbor an Earth-size planet with orbital periods of 200–400 d.
- SIGNIFICANCE: A major question is whether planets suitable for biochemistry are common or rare in the universe. Small rocky planets with liquid water enjoy key ingredients for biology. We used the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Kepler telescope to survey 42,000 Sun-like stars for periodic dimmings that occur when a planet crosses in front of its host star. We found 603 planets, 10 of which are Earth size and orbit in the habitable zone, where conditions permit surface liquid water. We measured the detectability of these planets by injecting synthetic planet-caused dimmings into Kepler brightness measurements. We find that 22% of Sun-like stars harbor Earth-size planets orbiting in their habitable zones. The nearest such planet may be within 12 light-years.