COVID-19 Case

Context:
- It can (typically) have occurred during a COVID-19 Pandemic.
- It can range from being a Active COVID-19 Case (such as a symptomatic COVID-19 case) to being an Inactive COVID-19 Case (such as a COVID-19 associated death or a COVID-19 recovery).
- It can be measured by a COVID-19 Measure, such as: COVID-19 Case Count, a COVID-19 Cases per Day, a COVID-19 Incidence Rate Change Measure, COVID-19 Death Count, ...
- It can (typically) have COVID-19 Antibodies.
- …
Example(s):
- one during the COVID-19 Pandemic, such as: Li Wenliang, Tom Hanks and the first person to die of it in San Francisco.
- …
Counter-Example(s):
- SARS Case (of SARS).
- MERS Case (of MERS).
- Flu Case (of Influenza).
See: Acute Respiratory Infection, Viral Pneumonia, ARDS, State of Human Sickness.

References

(BMJ, 2020) ⇒ BMJ (Published 06 March 2020). "Coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19): a guide for UK GPs". DOI: /10.1136/bmj.m800
- QUOTE: The UK recorded its first confirmed case of acute respiratory infection due to coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) on 31 January 2020 and responded by quarantining at-risk individuals to contain the spread of infection. Executive agencies Public Health England (PHE)^[1] and Health Protection Scotland (HPS) have since published guidance to healthcare providers on managing patients suspected to have the disease.

(Ng et al., 2020) ⇒ Yixiang Ng, Zongbin Li, Yi Xian Chua, Wei Liang Chaw, Zheng Zhao, Benjamin Er, Rachael Pung, Calvin J. Chiew, David C. Lye, Derrick Heng, and Vernon J. Lee (2020). "Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Surveillance and Containment Measures for the First 100 Patients with COVID-19 in Singapore — January 2–February 29, 2020". MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. ePub: 13 March 2020. DOI:10.15585/mmwr.mm6911e1.
- QUOTE: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first reported in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, and has since spread globally, resulting in >95,000 confirmed COVID-19 cases worldwide by March 5, 2020. ... COVID-19 patients were classified by the primary means by which they were detected. Application of the case definition and contact tracing identified 73 patients, 16 were detected by enhanced surveillance, and 11 were identified by laboratory testing based on providers’ clinical discretion. Effectiveness of these measures was assessed by calculating the 7-day moving average of the interval from symptom onset to isolation in hospital or quarantine, which indicated significant decreasing trends for both local and imported COVID-19 cases. Rapid identification and isolation of cases, quarantine of close contacts, and active monitoring of other contacts have been effective in suppressing expansion of the outbreak and have implications for other countries experiencing outbreaks.

(JAMA, 2020) ⇒ JAMA Network (2020) Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Retrieved: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Retrieved:2020-03-15.
- QUOTE: While coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to spread globally, overall mortality seems to match that of pandemic flu. In the largest case series to date of COVID-19 in mainland China (72,314 cases through February 11, 2020), the China CDC provided detailed epidemic curves and placed the current outbreak in the context of SARS and MERS-CoV patterns or illness and transmission.

(The Lancet, 2020) ⇒ (2020). "COVID-19 Resource Centre". In: The Lancet. Retrieved:2020-03-15.
- QUOTE: An Article published in The Lancet details first known person-to-person transmission of COVID-19 in the USA. Transmission occurred between two people with prolonged, unprotected exposure while the first patient was symptomatic. Despite active monitoring and testing of 372 contacts of both cases, no further transmission was detected.

(Lauer et al., 2020) ⇒ Stephen A. Lauer, Kyra H. Grantz, Qifang Bi, Forrest K. Jones, Qulu Zheng, Hannah R. Meredith, Andrew S. Azman, Nicholas G. Reich, and Justin Lessler. (2020). “The Incubation Period of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) From Publicly Reported Confirmed Cases: Estimation and Application.” Annals of Internal Medicine.
- QUOTE: ... Results: There were 181 confirmed cases with identifiable exposure and symptom onset windows to estimate the incubation period of COVID-19. The median incubation period was estimated to be 5.1 days (95% CI, 4.5 to 5.8 days), and 97.5% of those who develop symptoms will do so within 11.5 days (CI, 8.2 to 15.6 days) of infection. These estimates imply that, under conservative assumptions, 101 out of every 10 000 cases (99th percentile, 482) will develop symptoms after 14 days of active monitoring or quarantine. …