Cohort-based Study

A Cohort-based Study is a longitudinal study that assigns study members to cohorts (based on some predetermined rules).

AKA: Concurrent Study, Follow-up Study, Incidence Study.
Context:
- It can range from being a Retrospective Cohort Study to being a Prospective Cohort Study.
- …
Example(s):
Counter-Example(s):,
- a Case-Control Observational Study.
- a Clinical Case Series.
- an Interventional Study.
- a Panel Study.
See: Case-Cohort Experiment, Matched-Control Quasi-Experiment, Cross-Sectional Study, Observational Study, Double-Blinded Clinical Trial.

References

(Wikipedia, 2021) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cohort_study Retrieved:2021-11-21.
- A cohort study is a particular form of longitudinal study that samples a cohort (a group of people who share a defining characteristic, typically those who experienced a common event in a selected period, such as birth or graduation), performing a cross-section at intervals through time. It is a type of panel study where the individuals in the panel share a common characteristic.
  Cohort studies represent one of the fundamental designs of epidemiology which are used in research in the fields of medicine, nursing, psychology, social science, and in any field reliant on 'difficult to reach' answers that are based on evidence (statistics). In medicine for instance, while clinical trials are used primarily for assessing the safety of newly developed pharmaceuticals before they are approved for sale, epidemiological analysis on how risk factors affect the incidence of diseases is often used to identify the causes of diseases in the first place, and to help provide pre-clinical justification for the plausibility of protective factors (treatments).

(Wikipedia, 2021) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_clinical_research Retrieved:2021-11-21.
- Cohort study
  - A research study that compares a particular outcome in groups of individuals who are alike in many ways but differ by a certain characteristic (for example, female nurses who smoke compared with those who do not smoke). (NCI)

(Duffus et al., 2007) ⇒ John H. Duffus, Monica Norberg, Douglas M. Templeton (2007). US National Institute of Health. “IUPAC Glossary of Terms Used in Toxicology 2nd Edition" - IUPAC Recommendations 2007. Published in Pure Appl. Chem., Vol. 79, No. 7, pp. 1153-1344, 2007
- QUOTE: cohort study:

Analytic study of epidemiological study in which subsets of a defined population can be identified who are, have been, or in the future may be exposed or not exposed, or exposed in different degrees, to a factor or factors hypothesized to influence the probability of occurrence of a given disease or other outcome. The main feature of the method is observation of a large population for a prolonged period (years), with comparison of incidence rates of the given disease in groups that differ in exposure levels.

(Everitt & Howell, 2005) ⇒ Brian S. Everitt, and D. Howell. (2005). “Encyclopedia of Statistics in Behavioral Science." Wiley. ISBN:9780470860809
- QUOTE: In a controlled observational cohort study, two groups of subjects are selected from two populations that (hopefully) differ in only one characteristic at the start. The groups of subjects are studied for a specific period and contrasted at the end of the study period. For instance, smokers and nonsmokers are studied for a period of 10 years, and at the end the proportions of smokers and nonsmokers that died in that period are compared. On the other hand, in an intervention study, the subjects are selected from one population with a particular characteristic present; then, immediately after baseline, the total study group is split up into a group that receives the intervention and a group that does not receive that intervention (control group). The comparison of the outcomes of the two groups at the end of the study period is an evaluation of the intervention. For instance, smokers can be divided into those who will be subject to a smoking-cessation program and those who will not be motivated to stop smoking.^[1]