Antipsychotic Drug
An Antipsychotic Drug is a Psychiatric Medication that is primarily used to manage psychosis.
- AKA: Neuroleptic Drug.
- Example(s):
- a Schizophrenia Antipsychotic (for Schizophrenia), such as: Olanzapine.
- …
- Counter-Example(s):
- See: Mood Stabilizer, Neurology, Olanzapine, Delusion, Hallucination, Psychotic Disorder, Bipolar Disorder, Atypical Antipsychotic.
References
2022
- (Wikipedia, 2022) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/antipsychotic Retrieved:2022-5-26.
- Antipsychotics, also known as neuroleptics,[1] are a class of psychotropic medication primarily used to manage psychosis (including delusions, hallucinations, paranoia or disordered thought), principally in schizophrenia but also in a range of other psychotic disorders.
[2][3] They are also the mainstay together with mood stabilizers in the treatment of bipolar disorder.[4] Recent research has shown that use of any antipsychotic results in smaller brain tissue volumes and that this brain shrinkage is dose dependent and time dependent. A review of the research has also reinforced this effect. The use of antipsychotics may result in many unwanted side effects such as involuntary movement disorders, gynecomastia, impotence, weight gain and metabolic syndrome. Long-term use can produce adverse effects such as tardive dyskinesia, tardive dystonia, and tardive akathisia. First-generation antipsychotics (e.g. chlorpromazine), known as typical antipsychotics, were first introduced in the 1950s, and others were developed until the early 1970s.[5] Second-generation antipsychotics, known as atypical antipsychotics, were introduced firstly with clozapine in the early 1970s followed by others (e.g. risperidone).[6] Both generations of medication block receptors in the brain for dopamine, but atypicals tend to act on serotonin receptors as well. Neuroleptic, originating from (neuron) and (take hold of)—thus meaning "which takes the nerve"—refers to both common neurological effects and side effects.[7]
- Antipsychotics, also known as neuroleptics,[1] are a class of psychotropic medication primarily used to manage psychosis (including delusions, hallucinations, paranoia or disordered thought), principally in schizophrenia but also in a range of other psychotic disorders.
- ↑ Finkel R, Clark MA, Cubeddu LX (2009). "Pharmacology". Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 151. ISBN 9780781771559. Archived from the original on 1 April 2017.
- ↑ Bartoli F, Cavaleri D, Callovini T, Riboldi I, Crocamo C, D'Agostino A, Martinotti G, Bertolini F, Ostuzzi G, Barbui C, Carrà G (March 2022). “Comparing 1-year effectiveness and acceptability of once-monthly paliperidone palmitate and aripiprazole monohydrate for schizophrenia spectrum disorders: Findings from the STAR Network Depot Study". Psychiatry Research. 309: 114405. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114405. PMID 35093701. S2CID 246054926
- ↑ Lally J, MacCabe JH (June 2015). "Antipsychotic medication in schizophrenia: a review". British Medical Bulletin. 114 (1): 169–79. [https//doi.org/10.1093/bmb/ldv017 doi:10.1093/bmb/ldv017. PMID 25957394. “Antipsychotic medications are mainstays in the treatment of schizophrenia and a range of other psychotic disorders".
- ↑ Grande I, Berk M, Birmaher B, Vieta E (April 2016). “Bipolar disorder". Lancet. 387 (10027): 1561–1572. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00241-X. PMID 26388529. S2CID 205976059.
- ↑ Shen WW (December 1999). “A history of antipsychotic drug development". Comprehensive Psychiatry. 40 (6): 407–14. doi:10.1016/s0010-440x(99)90082-2. PMID 10579370.
- ↑ Aringhieri S, Carli M, Kolachalam S, Verdesca V, Cini E, Rossi M, et al. (December 2018). “Molecular targets of atypical antipsychotics: From mechanism of action to clinical differences". Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 192: 20–41. doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.06.012. PMID 29953902. S2CID 49602956.
- ↑ King C, Voruganti LN (May 2002). “What's in a name? The evolution of the nomenclature of antipsychotic drugs". Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience. 27 (3): 168–175. PMC 161646. PMID 12066446.