Annotation Item

An annotation item is a human/machine-processable metadata associated with an annotated artifact (or one of its components).

• Context:
  • It can (typically) be created during an Annotation Task (possibly using an annotation system).
  • It can range from being an Annotation Note to being an Item Label.
  • It can range from being a Semantic Annotation Item to being a Syntactic Annotation Item.
  • It can range from being a Human-generated Annotation or a Machine-generated Annotation.
  • …
• Example(s):
  • a Label Item used in Labeling Annotation to categorize images in a dataset.
  • a Tag Item used in Tagging Annotation to mark keywords or phrases in texts.
  • a Comment Item used in Commenting Annotation to provide insights or feedback on a document.
  • a Part-of-Speech Symbol attached to a word to denote its grammatical role.
  • a Named Entity Tag attached to a named-entity mention to indicate its categorical significance (e.g., person, location).
  • a Text Category used to classify texts according to their themes or topics.
  • …
• Counter-Example(s):
  • an Annotated Document.
  • a Sensor Log Item.
• See: Referencer, Semantic Analysis.

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References

2024

• (Wikipedia, 2024) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/annotation Retrieved:2024-2-8.
  • An annotation is extra information associated with a particular point in a document or other piece of information. It can be a note that includes a comment or explanation. Annotations are sometimes presented in the margin of book pages. For annotations of different digital media, see web annotation and text annotation.
  • NOTES:
    • An annotation is defined as extra information associated with a specific point in a document or piece of information, often presented as a note with comments or explanations, and can be found in the margins of book pages or within digital media like web and text annotation.
    • In literature, grammar, and educational contexts, annotation practices include highlighting, commenting, and summarizing key sections to engage students more actively with the material, employing both traditional and digital tools for collaborative learning.
    • Text and film annotation techniques involve adding comments or explanations within films or on videos, aiding in the analysis and reflection on preconceived notions, and can be enhanced with descriptions for deeper insights, as advocated by anthropologist Clifford Geertz.
    • Marginalia, annotations in the margins of manuscripts, provide insight into historical reading practices and have gained popular interest online, showcasing the varied and sometimes humorous notes made by readers of the past.
    • In software engineering, annotations are used in text documents through markup languages like XML and HTML for adding machine-readable semantic information, and in source control systems to track changes by annotating code lines with contributor information.
    • Semantic labelling of tabular data involves assigning annotations from ontologies to improve data understanding and interoperability, using techniques like geometric, probabilistic, logical, and non-ML approaches for tasks such as entity linking and column data-type detection.
    • Legal and linguistic uses of annotations include providing commentary and interpretations of statutes in legal research and transforming data for computer-aided linguistic analysis, respectively, demonstrating the wide-ranging applications of annotations across disciplines.

2011

• (Dingli et al., 2011) ⇒ Alexiei Dingli, Dale P. Busuttil, and Dylan Seychell. (2011). “RULIE: Rule Unification for Learning Information Extraction.” In: Proceedings of the Workshop on Discovering Meaning On the Go in Large Heterogeneous Data (LHD 2011).
  • QUOTE: … Annotations are metadata that are attached to pieces of text which can be used to give meaning to the content of the page.

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