Adverse Reaction
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An Adverse Reaction is a side effect that is unwanted because it results from a medication, other medical treatment, intervention, or clinical trial.
- AKA: Adverse Effect.
- Example(s):
- a Nocebo Effect,
- an Echinacea,
- a Feverfew,
- an Asteraceae,
- …
- Counter-Example(s):
- See: Adverse Event, Drug Interaction, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Drug, Clinical Trial, Drug Reaction, Test Treatment, Drug, Surgery, Side Effect, Therapeutic Effect, Medical Error, Iatrogenesis, Physician.
References
2021a
- (Davis) ⇒ https://www.medicinenet.com/adverse_effect/definition.htm Reviewed on 3/29/2021.
- QUOTE: A harmful or abnormal result. An adverse effect may be caused by administration of a medication or by exposure to a chemical and be indicated by an untoward result such as by illness or death.
2021b
- (Wikipedia, 2021) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adverse_effect Retrieved:2021-11-13.
- An adverse effect is an undesired harmful effect resulting from a medication or other intervention, such as surgery. An adverse effect may be termed a “side effect", when judged to be secondary to a main or therapeutic effect. If it results from an unsuitable or incorrect dosage or procedure, this is called a medical error and not a complication. Adverse effects are sometimes referred to as “iatrogenic” because they are generated by a physician/treatment. Some adverse effects occur only when starting, increasing or discontinuing a treatment. Adverse effects can also be caused by placebo treatments (in which case the adverse effects are referred to as nocebo effects). Using a drug or other medical intervention which is contraindicated may increase the risk of adverse effects. Adverse effects may cause complications of a disease or procedure and negatively affect its prognosis. They may also lead to non-compliance with a treatment regimen. Adverse effects of medical treatment resulted in 142,000 deaths in 2013 up from 94,000 deaths in 1990 globally.[1]
The harmful outcome is usually indicated by some result such as morbidity, mortality, alteration in body weight, levels of enzymes, loss of function, or as a pathological change detected at the microscopic, macroscopic or physiological level. It may also be indicated by symptoms reported by a patient. Adverse effects may cause a reversible or irreversible change, including an increase or decrease in the susceptibility of the individual to other chemicals, foods, or procedures, such as drug interactions.
- An adverse effect is an undesired harmful effect resulting from a medication or other intervention, such as surgery. An adverse effect may be termed a “side effect", when judged to be secondary to a main or therapeutic effect. If it results from an unsuitable or incorrect dosage or procedure, this is called a medical error and not a complication. Adverse effects are sometimes referred to as “iatrogenic” because they are generated by a physician/treatment. Some adverse effects occur only when starting, increasing or discontinuing a treatment. Adverse effects can also be caused by placebo treatments (in which case the adverse effects are referred to as nocebo effects). Using a drug or other medical intervention which is contraindicated may increase the risk of adverse effects. Adverse effects may cause complications of a disease or procedure and negatively affect its prognosis. They may also lead to non-compliance with a treatment regimen. Adverse effects of medical treatment resulted in 142,000 deaths in 2013 up from 94,000 deaths in 1990 globally.[1]
- ↑ GBD 2013 Mortality Causes of Death Collaborators (January 2015). "Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013". Lancet. 385 (9963): 117–71. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2. PMC 4340604. PMID 25530442.
2021c
- (Wikipedia, 2021) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_clinical_research Retrieved:2021-11-13.
- Adverse effect
- An unwanted side effect of treatment. (NCI)
- (...)
- Adverse reaction
- An unwanted effect caused by the administration of drugs. Onset may be sudden or develop over time (NLM)
- Adverse effect
2010
- (ClinicaTrials.gov, 2010) ⇒ ClinicalTrials.gov. (2010). “Glossary of Clinical Trials Terms.” (2010-09-21)
- QUOTE: ADVERSE REACTION: (Adverse Event.) An unwanted effect caused by the administration of drugs. Onset may be sudden or develop over time (See Side Effects).