SWRL Semantic Web Rule Language
A SWRL Semantic Web Rule Language is a semantic rule language based on a combination between OWL and RuleML sublanguages.
- Context:
- It can be used to specific a SWRL Rule.
- …
- Counter-Example(s):
- See: Language Standard, Web Ontology Language, RuleML, Datalog.
References
2016
- (Wikipedia, 2016) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_Web_Rule_Language Retrieved:2016-5-24.
- The Semantic Web Rule Language (SWRL) is a proposed language for the Semantic Web that can be used to express rules as well as logic, combining OWL DL or OWL Lite with a subset of the Rule Markup Language (itself a subset of Datalog).
The specification was submitted in May 2004 to the W3C by the National Research Council of Canada, Network Inference (since acquired by webMethods), and Stanford University in association with the Joint US/EU ad hoc Agent Markup Language Committee. The specification was based on an earlier proposal for an OWL rules language.
SWRL has the full power of OWL DL, but at the price of decidability and practical implementations.
However, decidability can be regained by restricting the form of admissible rules, typically by imposing a suitable safety condition.
Rules are of the form of an implication between an antecedent (body) and consequent (head). The intended meaning can be read as: whenever the conditions specified in the antecedent hold, then the conditions specified in the consequent must also hold.
- The Semantic Web Rule Language (SWRL) is a proposed language for the Semantic Web that can be used to express rules as well as logic, combining OWL DL or OWL Lite with a subset of the Rule Markup Language (itself a subset of Datalog).
2007
- (Obitko, 2007) ⇒ Marek Obitko. (2007). “Translations Between Ontologies in Multi-agent Systems - Ontology Operations].” PhD Thesis, Czech Technical University http://www.obitko.com/tutorials/ontologies-semantic-web/semantic-web-architecture.html
- To allow standardized description of taxonomies and other ontological constructs, a RDF Schema (RDFS) was created together with its formal semantics within RDF. RDFS can be used to describe taxonomies of classes and properties and use them to create lightweight ontologies.
More detailed ontologies can be created with Web Ontology Language OWL. The OWL is a language derived from description logics, and offers more constructs over RDFS. It is syntactically embedded into RDF, so like RDFS, it provides additional standardized vocabulary. OWL comes in three species - OWL Lite for taxonomies and simple constrains, OWL DL for full description logic support, and OWL Full for maximum expressiveness and syntactic freedom of RDF. Since OWL is based on description logic, it is not surprising that a formal semantics is defined for this language.
RDFS and OWL have semantics defined and this semantics can be used for reasoning within ontologies and knowledge bases described using these languages. To provide rules beyond the constructs available from these languages, rule languages are being standardized for the semantic web as well. Two standards are emerging - RIF and SWRL.
- To allow standardized description of taxonomies and other ontological constructs, a RDF Schema (RDFS) was created together with its formal semantics within RDF. RDFS can be used to describe taxonomies of classes and properties and use them to create lightweight ontologies.
2011
- http://protege.cim3.net/cgi-bin/wiki.pl?SWRLLanguageFAQ
- QUOTE: A SWRL rule contains an antecedent part, which is referred to as the body, and a consequent part, which is referred to as the head. Both the body and head consist of positive conjunctions of atoms: atom ^ atom .... -> atom ^ atom
Informally, a SWRL rule may be read as meaning that if all the atoms in the antecedent are true, then the consequent must also be true. SWRL does not support negated atoms or disjunction.
- QUOTE: A SWRL rule contains an antecedent part, which is referred to as the body, and a consequent part, which is referred to as the head. Both the body and head consist of positive conjunctions of atoms: atom ^ atom .... -> atom ^ atom
2004
- (Horrocks et al., 2004) ⇒ Ian Horrocks, Peter F. Patel-Schneider, Harold Boley, Said Tabet, Benjamin Grosof, and Mike Dean. (2004). “SWRL: A Semantic Web Rule Language Combining OWL and RuleML." W3C Member Submission, 21 May 2004.
- ABSTRACT: This document contains a proposal for a Semantic Web Rule Language (SWRL) based on a combination of the OWL DL and OWL Lite sublanguages of the OWL Web Ontology Language with the Unary/Binary Datalog RuleML sublanguages of the Rule Markup Language. SWRL includes a high-level abstract syntax for Horn-like rules in both the OWL DL and OWL Lite sublanguages of OWL. A model-theoretic semantics is given to provide the formal meaning for OWL ontologies including rules written in this abstract syntax. An XML syntax based on RuleML and the OWL XML Presentation Syntax as well as an RDF concrete syntax based on the OWL RDF/XML exchange syntax are also given, along with several examples.