Google PaLM 1 Language Model

A Google PaLM 1 Language Model is an foundation LLM produced by Google Research.

• Context:
  • It can be a predecessor to PaLM 2.
  • …
• Example(s):
  • …
• Counter-Example(s):
  • Google LaMDA.
  • GPT-3.
• See: Med-PaLM.

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References

2022

• (Singhal et al., 2022) ⇒ Karan Singhal, Shekoofeh Azizi, Tao Tu, S Sara Mahdavi, Jason Wei, Hyung Won Chung, Nathan Scales, Ajay Tanwani, Heather Cole-Lewis, and Stephen Pfohl, Perry Payne, Martin Seneviratne, Paul Gamble, Chris Kelly, Nathaneal Scharli, Aakanksha Chowdhery, Philip Mansfield, Blaise Aguera y Arcas, Dale Webster, Greg S. Corrado, Yossi Matias, Katherine Chou, Juraj Gottweis, Nenad Tomasev, Yun Liu, and Alvin Rajkomar. (2022). “Large Language Models Encode Clinical Knowledge.” In: arXiv preprint arXiv:2212.13138.
  • QUOTE: .. In addition, we evaluate PaLM (a 540-billion parameter LLM) and its instruction-tuned variant, Flan-PaLM, on MultiMedQA. Using a combination of prompting strategies, Flan-PaLM achieves state-of-the-art accuracy on every MultiMedQA multiple-choice dataset (MedQA, MedMCQA, PubMedQA, MMLU clinical topics), including 67.6% accuracy on MedQA (US Medical License Exam questions), surpassing prior state-of-the-art by over 17%. However, human evaluation reveals key gaps in Flan-PaLM responses. To resolve this we introduce instruction prompt tuning, a parameter-efficient approach for aligning LLMs to new domains using a few exemplars. The resulting model, Med-PaLM, performs encouragingly, but remains inferior to clinicians.

2022

• (Chowdhery et al., 2022) ⇒ Aakanksha Chowdhery, Sharan Narang, Jacob Devlin, Maarten Bosma, Gaurav Mishra, Adam Roberts, Paul Barham et al. (2022). “Palm: Scaling Language Modeling with Pathways.” arXiv preprint arXiv:2204.02311

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