Minor Term

A Minor Term is a term that is the subject of a syllogistic argument's conclusion.

• AKA: Minor Akron.
• Context:
  • It is a term in a minor premise.
• Examples:
  • B always comes after A (major premise). C comes after B (minor premise). Therefore, C comes after A (conclusion). The minor term is C.
  • All men are mortal (major premise). Socrates is a man (minor premise). Therefore, Socrates is mortal. (conclusion). The minor term is Socrates.
  • …
• Counter-Example(s):
  • Major Term,
  • Middle Term.
• See: Syllogism, Inference, Logical Argument, Deductive Reasoning, Logical Consequence, Proposition, Aristotle, Socrates.

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References

2018a

• (Wikipedia, 2018) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syllogism Retrieved:2018-11-10.
  • A syllogism (syllogismos, "conclusion, inference") is a kind of logical argument that applies deductive reasoning to arrive at a conclusion based on two or more propositions that are asserted or assumed to be true.

    In its earliest form, defined by Aristotle, from the combination of a general statement (the major premise) and a specific statement (the minor premise), a conclusion is deduced. For example, knowing that all men are mortal (major premise) and that Socrates is a man (minor premise), we may validly conclude that Socrates is mortal. Syllogistic arguments are usually represented in a three-line form:

    All men are mortal.

    Socrates is a man.

    Therefore, Socrates is mortal.

2018b

• (Smith,2018) ⇒ Robin Smith (2018). "Aristotle's Logic", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2018 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.).
  • QUOTE: Aristotle calls the term which is the predicate of the conclusion the major term and the term which is the subject of the conclusion the minor term. The premise containing the major term is the major premise, and the premise containing the minor term is the minor premise.

     Aristotle then systematically investigates all possible combinations of two premises in each of the three figures. For each combination, he either demonstrates that some conclusion necessarily follows or demonstrates that no conclusion follows. The results he states are correct.

2018c

• (Wikiversity, 2018) ⇒ https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Categorical_Syllogism#Minor/Major_Premise_and_Term
  • QUOTE: As we have seen, there will always be 2 terms in a Categorical Proposition (Subject and Predicate). Therefore, the conclusion of a syllogism will have a Subject and a Predicate as well. Here are two rules to take note of:

1. The Subject of a conclusion will be the Minor Term of the syllogism.

2. The Predicate of a conclusion will be the Major Term of the syllogism.

A syllogism is made up of 2 premises and 1 conclusion. So how do we differentiate between one premise from the other? Simple, take a look at that following two rules:

3. The Premise where the Minor Term appear in, will be called the Minor Premise.

4. The Premise where the Major Term appear in, will be called the Major Premise.

But that's not all. A syllogism is actually made up of 3 terms. The third term, or the Middle Term, can be thought of as a term used to link the two premises together in forming the conclusion (...)

This brings us to a fifth and final rule.

5. The Middle Term will appear in both premises but not in the conclusion.

2016

• (Bobzien, 2016) ⇒ Susanne Bobzien (2016). "Ancient Logic", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2016 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.)
  • QUOTE: All basic syllogisms consist of three categorical sentences, in which the two premises share exactly one term, called the middle term, and the conclusion contains the other two terms, sometimes called the extremes. Based on the position of the middle term, Aristotle classified all possible premise combinations into three figures (schêmata): the first figure has the middle term (B) as subject in the first premise and predicated in the second; the second figure has it predicated in both premises, the third has it as subject in both premises:

I	II	III
A holds of B.	B holds of A.	A holds of B.
B holds of C.	B holds of C.	C holds of B.

A is also called the major term, C the minor term. Each figure can further be classified according to whether or not both premises are universal. Aristotle went systematically through the fifty-eight possible premise combinations and showed that fourteen have a conclusion following of necessity from them, i.e. are syllogisms. His procedure was this: He assumed that the syllogisms of the first figure are complete and not in need of proof, since they are evident. By contrast, the syllogisms of the second and third figures are incomplete and in need of proof. He proves them by reducing them to syllogisms of the first figure and thereby ‘completing’ them.

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