Martin Luther King, Jr. (1929-1968)
Martin Luther King, Jr. (1929-1968) was a person.
- Context:
- He can be influenced by Bayard Rustin, Mahatma Gandhi, Leo Tolstoy, Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862).
- He can be a Charismatic Person.
- He can be a Social Activist, on Civil Rights Activist, Vietnam War Opportion, on Poverty Eradication, ...
- He can be associated to a African-American Civil Rights Movement (1955–1968).
- He can be a Prisoner of Conscience.
- He can be a Martyr.
- He can influence: Howard Zinn, ...
- …
- Example(s):
- MLK, 1953.
- MLK, 1958.
- MLK, 1960.
- MLK, 1961.
- MLK, 1962.
- MLK, 1963, after he was imprisoned in Jail of Birmingham, or gave his I Have a Dream.
- MLK, 1964, after he won the Nobel Peace Price.
- MLK, 1965.
- MLK, 1966.
- MLK, 1967, when he published “Where Do We Go from Here: Chaos Or Community?".
- MLK, 1968, at age 39.
- …
- Counter-Example(s):
- See: Civil Disobedience, Montgomery Bus Boycott, Southern Christian Leadership Conference, March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, (1963-August), Guaranteed Income Program, Bayard Rustin.
References
2014
- (Wikipedia, 2014) ⇒ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Luther_King,_Jr. Retrieved:2014-5-10.
- Martin Luther King, Jr. (January 15, 1929 – April 4, 1968) was an American pastor, activist, humanitarian, and leader in the African-American Civil Rights Movement. He is best known for his role in the advancement of civil rights using nonviolent civil disobedience based on his Christian beliefs.
He was born Michael King, but his father changed his name in honor of the German reformer Martin Luther. A Baptist minister, King became a civil rights activist early in his career. He led the 1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott and helped found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) in 1957, serving as its first president. With the SCLC, King led an unsuccessful struggle against segregation in Albany, Georgia, in 1962, and organized nonviolent protests in Birmingham, Alabama, that attracted national attention following television news coverage of the brutal police response. King also helped to organize the 1963 March on Washington, where he delivered his famous “I Have a Dream” speech. There, he established his reputation as one of the greatest orators in American history. J. Edgar Hoover considered him a radical and made him an object of the Federal Bureau of Investigation's COINTELPRO for the rest of his life.
On October 14, 1964, King received the Nobel Peace Prize for combating racial inequality through nonviolence. In 1965, he and the SCLC helped to organize the Selma to Montgomery marches and the following year, he took the movement north to Chicago to work on segregated housing. In the final years of his life, King expanded his focus to include poverty and the Vietnam War, alienating many of his liberal allies with a 1967 speech titled “Beyond Vietnam”. In 1968 King was planning a national occupation of Washington, D.C., to be called the Poor People's Campaign, when he was assassinated on April 4 in Memphis, Tennessee. His death was followed by riots in many U.S. cities. Allegations that James Earl Ray, the man convicted of killing King, had been framed or acted in concert with government agents persisted for decades after the shooting. The jury of a 1999 civil trial found Loyd Jowers to be complicit in a conspiracy against King.
King was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom and the Congressional Gold Medal. Martin Luther King, Jr. Day was established as a holiday in numerous cities and states beginning in 1971, and as a U.S. federal holiday in 1986. Hundreds of streets in the U.S. have been renamed in his honor. In addition, a county was rededicated in his honor. A memorial statue on the National Mall was opened to the public in 2011.
- Martin Luther King, Jr. (January 15, 1929 – April 4, 1968) was an American pastor, activist, humanitarian, and leader in the African-American Civil Rights Movement. He is best known for his role in the advancement of civil rights using nonviolent civil disobedience based on his Christian beliefs.
1967
- (Luther King, 1967) ⇒ Martin Luther King, Jr.. (1967). “Where Do We Go from Here: Chaos or Community?" ISBN 978-0-8070-0571-2
1964
- (Luther King, 1964) ⇒ Martin Luther King, Jr.. (1964). “Why We Can't Wait." ISBN 978-0-8070-0112-7
1963
- (Luther King, 1963a) ⇒ Martin Luther King, Jr.. (1963). “Letter from Birmingham jail." April 16 (1963): 1963.
- QUOTE: Moreover, I am cognizant of the interrelatedness of all communities and states. I cannot sit idly by in Atlanta and not be concerned about what happens in Birmingham. Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere. We are caught in an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment of destiny. Whatever affects one directly, affects all indirectly. Never again can we afford to live with the narrow, provincial "outside agitator" idea. Anyone who lives inside the United States can never be considered an outsider anywhere within its bounds.
You deplore the demonstrations taking place in Birmingham. But your statement, I am sorry to say, fails to express a similar concern for the conditions that brought about the demonstrations. I am sure that none of you would want to rest content with the superficial kind of social analysis that deals merely with effects and does not grapple with underlying causes. It is unfortunate that demonstrations are taking place in Birmingham, but it is even more unfortunate that the city's white power structure left the Negro community with no alternative.
In any nonviolent campaign there are four basic steps: collection of the facts to determine whether injustices exist; negotiation; self-purification; and direct action. We have gone through all of these steps in Birmingham. There can be no gainsaying the fact that racial injustice engulfs this community. Birmingham is probably the most thoroughly segregated city in the United States. Its ugly record of brutality is widely known. Negroes have experienced grossly unjust treatment in the courts. There have been more unsolved bombings of Negro homes and churches in Birmingham than in any other city in the nation. These are the hard, brutal facts of the case. On the basis of these conditions, Negro leaders sought to negotiate with the city fathers. But the latter consistently refused to engage in good-faith negotiation.
- QUOTE: Moreover, I am cognizant of the interrelatedness of all communities and states. I cannot sit idly by in Atlanta and not be concerned about what happens in Birmingham. Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere. We are caught in an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment of destiny. Whatever affects one directly, affects all indirectly. Never again can we afford to live with the narrow, provincial "outside agitator" idea. Anyone who lives inside the United States can never be considered an outsider anywhere within its bounds.
- (Luther King, 1963b) ⇒ Martin Luther King, Jr.. (1963). “Strength to Love." ISBN 978-0-8006-9740-2
1959
- (Luther King, 1959) ⇒ Martin Luther King, Jr.. (1959). “The Measure of a Man." ISBN 978-0-8006-0877-4
1958
- (Luther King, 1958) ⇒ Martin Luther King, Jr.. (1958). “Stride Toward Freedom: The Montgomery Story." ISBN 978-0-06-250490-6