Klebsiella Pneumoniae Bacteria

Klebsiella Pneumoniae Bacteria is a Klebsiella bacteria (gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped, non-motile bacterium) that can infect the human respiratory tract and cause Pneumonia.

• Context:
  • It can cleave Phospholipids (just before the Phosphate Group).
  • It can be activated in response to Growth Factor stimulation and Tyrosine Phosphorylation.
  • …
• Example(s):
  • UniProtKB - P12267 (FM3_KLEPN).
  • Klebsiella Pneumoniae Ozaenae (subspecies)
  • Klebsiella Pneumoniae Rhinoscleromatis; (subspecies).
  • …
• Counter-Example(s):
  • Klebsiella Oxytoca;
  • Klebsiella Granulomatis;
  • Klebsiella Michiganensis;
  • Klebsiella Quasipneumoniae;
  • Klebsiella Grimontii;
  • Klebsiella Variicola;
  • Clostridium Pasteurianum;
  • Azotobacter Chroococcum.
• See: 3-Hydroxybutyrate, MacConkey Agar, Agar Plate, Bacteria, Proteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Enterobacteriales, Enterobacteriaceae, Klebsiella, Gram-Negative, Bacterial Capsule, Lactose.

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References

2018

• (Wikipedia, 2018) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klebsiella_pneumoniae Retrieved:2018-8-18.
  • Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative, non-motile, encapsulated, lactose-fermenting, facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium. It appears as a mucoid lactose fermenter on MacConkey agar.

    Although found in the normal flora of the mouth, skin, and intestines (Ryan, Ray and Sherris, 2004), it can cause destructive changes to human and animal lungs if aspirated (inhaled), specifically to the alveoli (in the lungs) resulting in bloody sputum. In the clinical setting, it is the most significant member of the Klebsiella genus of the Enterobacteriaceae. K. oxytoca and K. rhinoscleromatis have also been demonstrated in human clinical specimens. In recent years, Klebsiella species have become important pathogens in nosocomial infections.

    It naturally occurs in the soil, and about 30% of strains can fix nitrogen in anaerobic conditions (Postgate 1998). As a free-living diazotroph, its nitrogen-fixation system has been much-studied, and is of agricultural interest, as K. pneumoniae has been demonstrated to increase crop yields in agricultural conditions. Members of the genus Klebsiella typically express two types of antigens on their cell surfaces. The first, O antigen, is a component of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS), of which 9 varieties exist. The second is K antigen, a capsular polysaccharide with more than 80 varieties. Both contribute to pathogenicity and form the basis for serogrouping.

    It is closely related to K. oxytoca from which it is distinguished by being indole-negative and by its ability to grow on melezitose but not 3-hydroxybutyrate.

2004

• (Ryan, Ray & Sherris, 2004) ⇒ Kenneth James Ryan, C. George Ray, John C. Sherris (2004). "Sherris Medical Microbiology. An Introduction to Infection diseases. 4th (Fourth) Edition by Ryan. ISBN 0-8385-8529-9.
  • QUOTE: The most distinctive bacteriologic features of the genus Klebsiella are the absence of motility and the presence of a polysaccharide capsule. This gives colonies a glistening, mucoid character and forms the basis of a serotyping system.

2001

• (Riggs et al., 2001) ⇒ Patrick J. Riggs, Marisa K. Chelius, A. Leonardo Iniguez, Shawn M. Kaeppler, and Eric W. Triplett (2001). "Enhanced maize productivity by inoculation with diazotrophic bacteria". Functional Plant Biology, 28(9), 829-836. DOI 10.1071/PP01045
  • ABSTRACT: The objective of this work over the last 3 years was to identify maize–endophyte associations with increased plant productivity compared with uninoculated controls. We have used a collection of endophytes isolated by several groups. The experiments were done under field and greenhouse conditions in the presence or absence of added fixed nitrogen (N). Significant yield enhancements of N-fertilized maize were obtained with bacterial endophytes that we have isolated from N-efficient lines of maize (such as Klebsiella pneumoniae 342) or switchgrass (Pantoea agglomerans P101 and P102). Several other strains from other groups were also tested with our best yield enhancements from two Brazilian strains, Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus PAl5 and Herbaspirillum seropedicae Z152. Field experiments in Wisconsin were conducted in 1998, 1999 and 2000 and in an additional four states (Illinois, Iowa, Indiana and Nebraska) in 2000, with a minimum of two elite lines of maize at each site, each year. No strains were capable of relieving the N-deficiency symptoms of unfertilized maize in either the field or the greenhouse.

1998

• (Postgate, 1998) ⇒ John Postgate (1998). "Nitrogen Fixation" (3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-64047-3.
  • C. pasteurianum is the anaerobe from which the first was made; Azotobacter chroococcum is a very different microbe, which can grow only in air and which is widespread in soils, particularly chalky or sandy ones; Klebsiella pneumoniae is also a common soil bacterium, physiologically intermediate but not related to either of other two. It can grow either with or without air but it can fix nitrogen only in the absence of air.

1991

• (Allen, Gerlach & Clegg, 1991) ⇒ Bradley L. Allen, Gerald-F. Gerlach, and Steven Clegg (1991). "Nucleotide sequence and functions of mrk determinants necessary for expression of type 3 fimbriae in Klebsiella pneumoniae". Journal of bacteriology, 173(2), 916-920. PMID: 1670938 PMCID: PMC207091
  • ABSTRACT: The nucleotide sequence of six genes involved in the expression of type 3 fimbriae of Klebsiella pneumoniae was determined. In addition to the genes that encode the fimbrial subunit (mrkA) and adhesion (mrkD), the mrkB, mrkC, and mrkE genes appear to be involved in assembly of the fimbrial filament and regulation of type 3 fimbrial expression. The mrkF gene product is required to maintain the stability of the fimbrial filament on the cell surface.

1988

• (Gerlach & Clegg, 1988) ⇒ Gerald-F. Gerlach, and Steven Clegg (1988). "Cloning and characterization of the gene cluster encoding type 3 (MR/K) fimbriae of Klebsiella pneumoniae". FEMS microbiology letters, 49(3), 377-383. DOI:10.1111/j.1574-6968.1988.tb02761.x
  • ABSTRACT: The gene cluster encoding the type 3 fimbriae of a Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate was cloned using the cosmid-cloning technique. Escherichia coli transformants, expressing type 3 fimbriae, were selected by reactivity with a monoclonal antibody directed against an epitope of the purified type 3 fimbriae. The phenotypic expression of type 3 fimbriae by transformants possessing the parental plasmid was dependent upon the host strain used. However, subcloning of this plasmid resulted in the construction of a chimeric molecule which imparted a stable phenotype regardless of the host strain. In addition, subcloning of the parental recombinant plasmid suggested that the minimal size of DNA necessary for production and expression of fimbriae was approximately 5.5 kb.

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