Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG)
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A Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG) is a lexicalized non-derivational generative phrase structure grammar.
- Context:
- It can be derived from Pollard & Sag (1994).
- …
- Example(s):
- Counter-Example(s):
- See: Phrase Structure Grammar, Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar, Type System, Minimal Recursion Semantics, Situation Semantics, Syntax.
References
2014
- (Wikipedia, 2014) ⇒ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head-driven_phrase_structure_grammar Retrieved:2014-7-27.
- Head-driven phrase structure grammar (HPSG) is a highly lexicalized, non-derivational generative grammar theory developed by Carl Pollard and Ivan Sag. [1] [2] It is a type of phrase structure grammar, as opposed to a dependency grammar, and it is the immediate successor to generalized phrase structure grammar. HPSG draws from other fields such as computer science (data type theory and knowledge representation) and uses Ferdinand de Saussure's notion of the sign. It uses a uniform formalism and is organized in a modular way which makes it attractive for natural language processing. An HPSG grammar includes principles and grammar rules and lexicon entries which are normally not considered to belong to a grammar. The formalism is based on lexicalism. This means that the lexicon is more than just a list of entries; it is in itself richly structured. Individual entries are marked with types. Types form a hierarchy. Early versions of the grammar were very lexicalized with few grammatical rules (schema). More recent research has tended to add more and richer rules, becoming more like construction grammar. [3]
The basic type HPSG deals with is the sign. Words and phrases are two different subtypes of sign. A word has two features: [PHON] (the sound, the phonetic form) and [SYNSEM] (the syntactic and semantic information), both of which are split into subfeatures. Signs and rules are formalized as typed feature structures.
- Head-driven phrase structure grammar (HPSG) is a highly lexicalized, non-derivational generative grammar theory developed by Carl Pollard and Ivan Sag. [1] [2] It is a type of phrase structure grammar, as opposed to a dependency grammar, and it is the immediate successor to generalized phrase structure grammar. HPSG draws from other fields such as computer science (data type theory and knowledge representation) and uses Ferdinand de Saussure's notion of the sign. It uses a uniform formalism and is organized in a modular way which makes it attractive for natural language processing. An HPSG grammar includes principles and grammar rules and lexicon entries which are normally not considered to belong to a grammar. The formalism is based on lexicalism. This means that the lexicon is more than just a list of entries; it is in itself richly structured. Individual entries are marked with types. Types form a hierarchy. Early versions of the grammar were very lexicalized with few grammatical rules (schema). More recent research has tended to add more and richer rules, becoming more like construction grammar. [3]
- ↑ Pollard, Carl, and Ivan A. Sag. 1987. Information-based syntax and semantics. Volume 1. Fundamentals. CLSI Lecture Notes 13.
- ↑ Pollard, Carl; Ivan A. Sag. (1994). Head-driven phrase structure grammar. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- ↑ Sag, Ivan A. 1997. English Relative Clause Constructions. Journal of Linguistics . 33.2: 431-484
2007
- (Stanford University, 2007) ⇒ http://hpsg.stanford.edu/HPSG07/hpsg.html
- HPSG is a well-developed, precisely formalized theory of grammar whose architecture is based on the notion of constraint satisfaction. Linguistic objects are modeled as feature structures organized via a system of types and constraint inheritance, drawing key insights from research in object-oriented paradigms. The HPSG community values explicit, large-scale grammar development and explores psycholinguistic models, as well as the development of efficient computational systems for processing natural languages using HPSG grammars.
2005
- (Copestake et al., 2005) ⇒ Ann Copestake, D. Flickinger, C. Pollard, and I. A. Sag. (2005). “Minimal Recursion Semantics: an Introduction. Research on Language and Computation 3.4: 281-332. (paper.pdf)
2000
- (Sag et al., 2003) ⇒ Ivan A. Sag, Thomas Wasow, and Emily M. Bender. (2003). “Syntactic Theory: A Formal Introduction, 2nd edition." CSLI Publications.
1994
- (Pollard & Sag, 1994) ⇒ Carl Jesse Pollard, and Ivan A. Sag. (1994). “Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar." University of Chicago Press. ISBN:0226674479
1991
- (Carpenter, 1991) ⇒ Bob Carpenter. (1991). “The Generative Power of Categorical Grammars and Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammars with Lexical Rules.” Computational Linguistics, 17(3).