Cohort-based Study
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A Cohort-based Study is a longitudinal study that assigns study members to cohorts (based on some predetermined rules).
- AKA: Concurrent Study, Follow-up Study, Incidence Study.
- Context:
- It can range from being a Retrospective Cohort Study to being a Prospective Cohort Study.
- …
- Example(s):
- Counter-Example(s):,
- See: Case-Cohort Experiment, Matched-Control Quasi-Experiment, Cross-Sectional Study, Observational Study, Double-Blinded Clinical Trial.
References
2021a
- (Wikipedia, 2021) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cohort_study Retrieved:2021-11-21.
- A cohort study is a particular form of longitudinal study that samples a cohort (a group of people who share a defining characteristic, typically those who experienced a common event in a selected period, such as birth or graduation), performing a cross-section at intervals through time. It is a type of panel study where the individuals in the panel share a common characteristic.
Cohort studies represent one of the fundamental designs of epidemiology which are used in research in the fields of medicine, nursing, psychology, social science, and in any field reliant on 'difficult to reach' answers that are based on evidence (statistics). In medicine for instance, while clinical trials are used primarily for assessing the safety of newly developed pharmaceuticals before they are approved for sale, epidemiological analysis on how risk factors affect the incidence of diseases is often used to identify the causes of diseases in the first place, and to help provide pre-clinical justification for the plausibility of protective factors (treatments).
- A cohort study is a particular form of longitudinal study that samples a cohort (a group of people who share a defining characteristic, typically those who experienced a common event in a selected period, such as birth or graduation), performing a cross-section at intervals through time. It is a type of panel study where the individuals in the panel share a common characteristic.
2021b
- (Wikipedia, 2021) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_clinical_research Retrieved:2021-11-21.
- Cohort study
- A research study that compares a particular outcome in groups of individuals who are alike in many ways but differ by a certain characteristic (for example, female nurses who smoke compared with those who do not smoke). (NCI)
- Cohort study
2017
- (Mathes & Pieper, 2017) ⇒ Tim Mathes, and Dawid Pieper (2017) ["Clarifying the distinction between case series and cohort studies in systematic reviews of comparative studies: potential impact on body of evidence and workload"]. In: BMC Medical Research Methodology, 17(107).
- QUOTE: Cohort study.
- A study in which a defined group of people (the cohort) is followed over time, to examine associations between different interventions received and subsequent outcomes.
- Case series.
- Observations are made on a series of individuals, usually all receiving the same intervention, before and after an intervention but with no control group.
- (...)
- Cohort study: Patients are sampled on the basis of exposure. The occurrence of outcomes is assessed during a specified follow-up period.
- Case series: Patients with a particular disease or disease-related outcome are sampled. Case series exist in 2 types:
- 1. Sampling is based on a specific outcome and presence of a specific exposure.
- 2. Selection is based only on a specific outcome, and data are collected on previous exposures. Cases are reported regardless of whether they have specific exposures. This type of case series can be seen as the case group from a case–control study.
- QUOTE: Cohort study.
2007
- (Duffus et al., 2007) ⇒ John H. Duffus, Monica Norberg, Douglas M. Templeton (2007). US National Institute of Health. “IUPAC Glossary of Terms Used in Toxicology 2nd Edition" - IUPAC Recommendations 2007. Published in Pure Appl. Chem., Vol. 79, No. 7, pp. 1153-1344, 2007
- QUOTE: cohort study:
- Analytic study of epidemiological study in which subsets of a defined population can be identified who are, have been, or in the future may be exposed or not exposed, or exposed in different degrees, to a factor or factors hypothesized to influence the probability of occurrence of a given disease or other outcome. The main feature of the method is observation of a large population for a prolonged period (years), with comparison of incidence rates of the given disease in groups that differ in exposure levels.
2005
- (Everitt & Howell, 2005) ⇒ Brian S. Everitt, and D. Howell. (2005). “Encyclopedia of Statistics in Behavioral Science." Wiley. ISBN:9780470860809
- QUOTE: In a controlled observational cohort study, two groups of subjects are selected from two populations that (hopefully) differ in only one characteristic at the start. The groups of subjects are studied for a specific period and contrasted at the end of the study period. For instance, smokers and nonsmokers are studied for a period of 10 years, and at the end the proportions of smokers and nonsmokers that died in that period are compared. On the other hand, in an intervention study, the subjects are selected from one population with a particular characteristic present; then, immediately after baseline, the total study group is split up into a group that receives the intervention and a group that does not receive that intervention (control group). The comparison of the outcomes of the two groups at the end of the study period is an evaluation of the intervention. For instance, smokers can be divided into those who will be subject to a smoking-cessation program and those who will not be motivated to stop smoking.[1]