Enveloped Virus
An Enveloped Virus is a virus with a viral envelope as their outer layer.
- Context:
- It can (typically) take this shape during their time outside of host cells.
- It can range from being a Enveloped DNA Virus, to being an Enveloped RNA Virus, to being a Retrovirus.
- …
- Example(s):
- An Enveloped DNA Virus such as:
- an Enveloped RNA Virus such as:
- …
- Counter-Example(s):
- See: Virus, Capsid, Phospholipids, Glycoprotein, Host (Biology), Immune System, Receptor (Biochemistry), Genome.
References
2023
- (ChatGPT-OpenAI, 2023) ⇒ https://chat.openai.com/chat Retrieved:2023-4-9.
- Q: What is an Enveloped Virus?
- A: An enveloped virus is a type of virus that possesses a lipid membrane surrounding its nucleocapsid, which contains the genetic material of the virus. This lipid envelope is derived from the host cell membrane and contains viral proteins that are necessary for the virus to enter and infect new host cells.
Enveloped viruses are different from non-enveloped viruses, which lack this lipid membrane. The envelope of the virus plays an important role in the virus's ability to infect host cells, as it allows the virus to enter cells by fusing with the host cell membrane. However, the envelope also makes enveloped viruses more fragile and susceptible to damage from environmental factors such as heat, detergents, and disinfectants. Examples of enveloped viruses include influenza, HIV, herpes simplex virus, and Ebola virus.
2020
- (Wikipedia, 2020) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_envelope Retrieved:2020-3-29.
- Most viruses (e.g. HIV and many animal viruses) have viral envelopes as their outer layer[1] at the stage of their life-cycle when they are between host cells. Some enveloped viruses also have a protein layer called a capsid between the envelope and their genome [1] . The envelopes are typically derived from portions of the host cell membranes (phospholipids and proteins), but include some viral glycoproteins. They may help viruses avoid the host immune system. Glycoproteins on the surface of the envelope serve to identify and bind to receptor sites on the host's membrane. The viral envelope then fuses with the host's membrane, allowing the capsid and viral genome to enter and infect the host.
The cell from which the virus itself buds will often die or be weakened and shed more viral particles for an extended period. The lipid bilayer envelope of these viruses is relatively sensitive to desiccation, heat, and detergents, therefore these viruses are easier to sterilize than non-enveloped viruses, have limited survival outside host environments, and typically transfer directly from host to host. Enveloped viruses possess great adaptability and can change in a short time in order to evade the immune system. Enveloped viruses can cause persistent infections.
- Most viruses (e.g. HIV and many animal viruses) have viral envelopes as their outer layer[1] at the stage of their life-cycle when they are between host cells. Some enveloped viruses also have a protein layer called a capsid between the envelope and their genome [1] . The envelopes are typically derived from portions of the host cell membranes (phospholipids and proteins), but include some viral glycoproteins. They may help viruses avoid the host immune system. Glycoproteins on the surface of the envelope serve to identify and bind to receptor sites on the host's membrane. The viral envelope then fuses with the host's membrane, allowing the capsid and viral genome to enter and infect the host.
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 HURLBERT, RONALD E. Fundamentals of Microbiology 102. Chapter #11: Viruses. Archived from the original on 2008-11-10. Retrieved 2008-11-07.
2020
- (Wikipedia, 2020) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peplomer Retrieved:2020-3-29.
The peplomers (red and orange) of a coronavirus. 
2015
- (NCBI, 2015) ⇒ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4462923/
- QUOTE: ... Non-enveloped viruses, such as coxsackieviruses, rotavirus, or poliovirus, can survive for extended periods on surfaces (9, 10), while enveloped viruses, including H1N1 and human coronaviruses, remain infectious on surfaces after several days ...