Empathy Ability

Context:
- It can (typically) be correlated to an Empathy Measure score.
- It can range from being a Low Empathy Ability to being a High Empathy Ability.
- It can be available to an Empathic Agent, such as an empathic person.
- It can support a Sympathy Emotion and a Compassion Emotion and a Love Emotion.
- It can range from being a Direct Empathy Ability (e.g. of pain) to one of Indirect Empathy Ability (e.g. of injustice).
- It can be related to a Remorse Ability.
- It can include the ability to:
  - Determine the way that a person likes to hear things, by listening to how they try to persuade another.
  - …
Example(s):
- Yesterday, I noticed Susan's frustration with her job.
- Yesterday, I noticed that Richard is happy with his job.
- Yesterday, I noticed that Pat likes to hear rational arguments.
- …
Counter-Example(s):
- a Capacity for Love.
- a Psychopathic Person.
- a Theory of Mind Ability.
See: Pity, Compassion Ability, Sentient.

References

(Rodgin, 2018) ⇒ https://seths.blog/2018/04/the-words-that-work/
- QUOTE: We're bad at empathy. As a result, when we're arguing a point with someone, we tend to use words and images that work on us, not necessarily that help the other person. So, if you want to understand how to persuade someone, listen to how they try to persuade you. For example, one partner in a conversation might use concepts like power and tradition and authority to make a case, while the other might rely on science, statistics or fairness. One person might argue with tons of emotional insight, while someone else might bring up studies and peer reviews. What they're actually doing is talking about things in the way they like to hear them.

Daniel Goleman. (2015). “How to Be Emotionally Intelligent.” In: The New York Times.
- ... He (Daniel Goleman) shares his short list of the competencies. ...
  1. EMPATHY.
    - Cognitive and emotional empathy: Because you understand other perspectives, you can put things in ways colleagues comprehend. And you welcome their questions, just to be sure. Cognitive empathy, along with reading another person’s feelings accurately, makes for effective communication.
    - Good listening: You pay full attention to the other person and take time to understand what they are saying, without talking over them or hijacking the agenda.

(Wikipedia, 2014) ⇒ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/empathy Retrieved:2014-6-8.
- Empathy is the capacity to recognize emotions that are being experienced by another sentient or fictional being. One may need to have a certain amount of empathy before being able to experience accurate sympathy or compassion.

(Hepper et al., 2014) ⇒ E. G. Hepper, C. M. Hart, and C. Sedikides. (2014). “Moving Narcissus: Can Narcissists Be Empathic?". In: Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 40(9). doi:10.1177/0146167214535812
- ABSTRACT: Empathy plays a critical role in fostering and maintaining social relations. Narcissists lack empathy, and this may account for their interpersonal failures. But why do narcissists lack empathy? Are they incapable, or is change possible? Three studies addressed this question. Study 1 showed that the link between narcissism and low empathy generalizes to a specific target person presented in a vignette. The effect was driven by maladaptive narcissistic components (i.e., entitlement, exploitativeness, exhibitionism). Study 2 examined the effect of perspective-taking (vs. control) instructions on self-reported responses to a video. Study 3 examined the effect of the same manipulation on autonomic arousal (heart rate [HR]) during an audio-recording. Perspective-taking ameliorated negative links between maladaptive narcissism and both self-reported empathy and HR. That is, narcissists can be moved by another’s suffering, if they take that person’s perspective. The findings demonstrate that narcissists’ low empathy does not reflect inability, implying potential for intervention.