Decision Making Task

A Decision Making Task is a cognitive task that requires alternatives identification and alternative selection by a decision maker based on their agent preferences.

• Context:
  • Input: a Information (such as a data item to classify).
    • optionally: Precedents.
    • optionally: Utility Function.
    • optionally: Process Pattering.
  • output: a Decision.
    • optional: Decision Justification.
  • It can be instantiated in a Decision Making Act.
  • It can range from being a Single Decision Task or a Multiple Decision Task (such as a sequential decision-making task).
  • It can range from being a Simple Decisioning Task to being a Complex Decisioning Task.
  • It can range from being a Offline Decisioning Task to being a Real-Time Decision Task.
  • It can range from being a Mechanistic Decision Task to being an Agent-based Decisioning Task (such as a game).
  • It can range from being a Real-World Decisioning Task to being an Synthetic Decisioning Task.
  • It can range from being a Manual Decisioning Task to being an Automated Decisioning Task.
  • It can range from being a Data-Driven Decisioning Task to being an Heuristic Decisioning Task.
  • It can range from being a Personal Decisioning Task to being an Group Decisioning Task (such as organizational decisioning).
  • It can range from being a Full-Information Decisioning Task to being a Partial-Information Decisioning Task.
  • It can range from being a Explanation-based Decision Making Task (with a explanation) to being an Unexplained Decision Making Task.
  • It can be supported by a Decision Support Task.
  • It can be performed by a Decision Making System (that implements a decision making algorithm).
  • It can make use of a Decision Operation.
  • …
• Example(s):
  • a Simple Output Decisioning Task, such as a classification task.
  • a Complex Output Decisioning Task, such as a protein folding prediction task.
  • a Domain-Specific Decision Support Task, such as Clinical DS Task.
  • a Decision Support Benchmark Task, such as TPC-H.
  • a Data-Driven Decision Making Task.
  • a Strategic Decision-Making Task.
  • a Risk-Taking Task, such as an Iowa Gambling Task.
  • a Subset Summation Decision Task.
  • an Economic Decision Making Task.
  • an Organizational Decision Making Task.
  • an Multi-Agent Decisioning Task, such as a Go game.
  • an Conscious Agent Decision-Making Task, such as moral decision making.
  • …
• Counter-Example(s):
  • an Information-Processing Task, such as: an analysis task.
  • an Online Transaction Processing Task.
  • a Facilitation Task.
  • a Creative Task.
• See: Prediction Task, Problem-Solving, Question-Answering System, Human Decision Making Process, Cognition, Choice.

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References

2021

• (Wikipedia, 2021) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decision-making Retrieved:2021-12-29.
  • In psychology, decision-making (also spelled decision making and decisionmaking) is regarded as the cognitive process resulting in the selection of a belief or a course of action among several possible alternative options. It could be either rational or irrational. Decision-making process is a reasoning process based on assumptions of values, preferences and beliefs of the decision-maker. Every decision-making process produces a final choice, which may or may not prompt action. Research about decision-making is also published under the label problem solving, particularly in European psychological research.

1994

• (Bechara et al., 2004) ⇒ Antoine Bechara, Antonio R. Damasio, Hanna Damasio, and Steven W. Anderson. (1994). “Insensitivity to future consequences following damage to human prefrontal cortex.” In: Cognition, 50(1). doi:10.1016/0010-0277(94)90018-3
  • QUOTE: Following damage to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, humans develop a defect in real-life decision-making, which contrasts with otherwise normal intellectual functions. Currently, there is no neuropsychological probe to detect in the laboratory, and the cognitive and neural mechanisms responsible for this defect have resisted explanation. Here, using a novel task which simulates real-life decision-making in the way it factors uncertainty of premises and outcomes, as well as reward and punishment, we find that prefrontal patients, unlike controls, are oblivious to the future consequences of their actions, and seem to be guided by immediate prospects only.

1981

• (Hwang & Yoon, 1981) ⇒ Ching-Lai Hwang, and Kwangsun Yoon. (1981). “Multiple Attribute Decision Making Methods and Applications: A State-of-the-Art Survey.” In: Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, 186 doi:10.1007/978-3-642-48318-9

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