Civil Liberty
A Civil Liberty is a human right that a government cannot abridge, either by law or by judicial interpretation, without due process.
- AKA: Personal Freedom.
- Context:
- It can be articulated in a Civil Liberty Document.
- It can be defended by a Civil Liberties Organization.
- …
- Example(s):
- Counter-Example(s):
- a Civil Duty;
- a Right to Property;
- a Redistributive Right, such as: a Right to Education, or a Right to Healthcare;
- an Animal Right.
- See: Political Rightwing, Disability, Negative Rights, Political Freedom, Legal Equality.
References
2019
- (Wikipedia, 2019) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_and_political_rights Retrieved:2019-9-9.
- Civil and political rights are a class of rights that protect individuals' freedom from infringement by governments, social organizations, and private individuals. They ensure one's entitlement to participate in the civil and political life of the society and state without discrimination or repression.
Civil rights include the ensuring of peoples' physical and mental integrity, life, and safety; protection from discrimination on grounds such as race, gender, sexual orientation, national origin, color, age, political affiliation, ethnicity, religion, and disability; and individual rights such as privacy and the freedom of thought, speech, religion, press, assembly, and movement. Political rights include natural justice (procedural fairness) in law, such as the rights of the accused, including the right to a fair trial; due process; the right to seek redress or a legal remedy; and rights of participation in civil society and politics such as freedom of association, the right to assemble, the right to petition, the right of self-defense, and the right to vote. Civil and political rights form the original and main part of international human rights. [1] They comprise the first portion of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (with economic, social, and cultural rights comprising the second portion). The theory of three generations of human rights considers this group of rights to be "first-generation rights", and the theory of negative and positive rights considers them to be generally negative rights.
- Civil and political rights are a class of rights that protect individuals' freedom from infringement by governments, social organizations, and private individuals. They ensure one's entitlement to participate in the civil and political life of the society and state without discrimination or repression.
2019
- (Wikipedia, 2019) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_liberties Retrieved:2019-9-9.
- Civil liberties or personal freedoms are personal guarantees and freedoms that the government cannot abridge, either by law or by judicial interpretation, without due process. Though the scope of the term differs between countries, civil liberties may include the freedom of conscience, freedom of press, freedom of religion, freedom of expression, freedom of assembly, the right to security and liberty, freedom of speech, the right to privacy, the right to equal treatment under the law and due process, the right to a fair trial, and the right to life. Other civil liberties include the right to own property, the right to defend oneself, and the right to bodily integrity. Within the distinctions between civil liberties and other types of liberty, distinctions exist between positive liberty/positive rights and negative liberty/negative rights.
2019
- (Wikipedia, 2019) ⇒ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_liberties#United_States Retrieved:2019-9-9.
- … Human rights within the United States are often called civil rights, which are those rights, privileges and immunities held by all people, in distinction to political rights, which are the rights that inhere to those who are entitled to participate in elections, as candidates or voters. ...
- ↑ A useful survey is Paul Sieghart, The Lawful Rights of Mankind: An Introduction to the International Legal Code of Human Rights, Oxford University Press, 1985.